Concept

List of duplicating processes

Résumé

This is a partial list of text and image duplicating processes used in business and government from the Industrial Revolution forward. Some are mechanical and some are chemical. There is naturally some overlap with printing processes and photographic processes, but the challenge of precisely duplicating business letters, forms, contracts, and other paperwork prompted some unique solutions as well. There were many short-lived inventions along the way. Within each type, the methods are arranged in very rough chronological order. Methods of copying handwritten letters Manifold stylographic writer, using early "carbonic paper" Letter copying book process Mechanical processes Tracing to make accurate hand-drawn copies Pantograph, manual device for making drawn copies without tracing, can also enlarge or reduce Printmaking, which includes engraving and etching Relief printing including woodcut Intaglio (printmaking) or copperplate engraving Planographic printing Line engraving Printing/Applied ink methods Letterpress printing (via printing press) Gelatin methods (also indirect method) Hectograph Collography, autocopyist Chromograph, Copygraph, Polygraph Flexography Spirit duplicator (also Rexograph, Ditto machine, Banda machine, or Roneo) Lithographic processes Transfer lithography Anastatic lithography Autographic process Offset lithography Photolithography Stencil-based copying methods Papyrography Electric pen, invented by Thomas Edison Trypograph (also file plate process) Cyclostyle, Neostyle Stencil-based machines Mimeograph (also Roneo, Gestetner) Digital Duplicators (also called CopyPrinters, e.g., Riso and Gestetner) Typewriter-based copying methods Carbon paper Blueprint typewriter ribbon Carbonless copy paper Photographic processes: Reflex copying process (also reflectography, reflexion copying) Breyertype, Playertype, Manul Process, Typon Process, Dexigraph, Linagraph Daguerreotype Salt print Calotype (the first photo process to use a negative, from which multiple prints could be made) Cyanotype Photostat m

Source officielle

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_duplicating_processes

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