Concept

Land change science

Résumé
Land change science refers to the interdisciplinary study of changes in climate, land use, and land cover. Land change science specifically seeks to evaluate patterns, processes, and consequences in changes in land use and cover over time. The purpose of land change science is to contribute to existing knowledge of climate change and to the development of sustainable resource management and land use policy. The field is informed by a number of related disciplines, such as remote sensing, landscape ecology, and political ecology, and uses a broad range of methods to evaluate the patterns and processes that underlie land cover change. Land change science addresses land use as a coupled human-environment system to understand the impacts of interconnected environmental and social issues, including deforestation and urbanization. Human changes to land surfaces have been documented for centuries as having significant impacts on both earth systems and human well-being. The reshaping of landscapes to serve human needs, such as the deforestation for farmland, can have long-term effects on earth systems and exacerbate the causes of climate change. Although the burning of fossil fuels is the primary driver of present-day climate change, prior to the Industrial Revolution, deforestation and irrigation were the largest sources of human-driven greenhouse gas emissions. Even today, 35% of anthropogenic carbon dioxide contributions can be attributed to land use or land cover changes. Currently, almost 50% of Earth’s non-ice land surface has been transformed by human activities, with approximately 40% of that land used for agriculture, surpassing natural systems as the principal source of nitrogen emissions.Land change science is a recently developed field, which emerged in conjunction with the advancement of climate change and global environmental change research, and is important to the evolution of climate change science and adaptation. It is both problem-oriented and interdisciplinary.
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Publications associées (35)
Concepts associés (4)
Land change modeling
Land change models (LCMs) describe, project, and explain changes in and the dynamics of land use and land-cover. LCMs are a means of understanding ways that humans change the Earth's surface in the past, present, and future. Land change models are valuable in development policy, helping guide more appropriate decisions for resource management and the natural environment at a variety of scales ranging from a small piece of land to the entire spatial extent.
Couverture du sol
La couverture du sol, aussi appelée occupation du sol, est constituée des matériaux physiques à la surface de la Terre, qu’ils soient naturels ou anthropogéniques, et incluant l’eau, le sol nu, l’herbe, les arbres, le pavage, les constructions, etc. Il existe deux méthodes principales, et complémentaires pour obtenir de l’information sur la couverture du sol : les enquêtes terrain complétant la cartographie traditionnelle ; la télédétection. La nature de la « couverture du sol » est discutée dans Comber et al (2005).
Utilisation du sol
L’utilisation du sol (ou l'occupation des sols) est la modification par l'homme de son environnement naturel ou sauvage au niveau du sol quand il est transformé un environnement plus ou moins anthropisé (prairies, champs, imperméabilisation, constructions et autres implantations humaines...). Les principaux effets de l'utilisation du sol sur la couverture du sol ont été ceux de l'agriculture avec le changement de flore, faune et fonge, drainage, labour, renclôture et du Moyen Âge aux années 1750 ou encore les changements postérieures.
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