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Concept
Fyappiy
Résumé
The Fyappins were an Ingush subgroup (society) that mostly inhabited the mountainous region of Ingushetia, Fappi. Historically they bordered on the west with Dzherakh, on the east with Khamkhins, on the north with Nazranians, and lastly in the south with Gudomakarians. The centre of the society was the fortified village (aul) of Erzi or Metskhal.
Approximately during the 16–17th centuries, part of the Fyappins migrated to Georgia, Tusheti, due to a lack of land. The descendants of the migrants are known as Bats people. In the 17–18th centuries, another wave of migration accured, to the region of Aukh (modern day Dagestan).
In 1733, due to the worry of expansion of Ottoman Turks in the region, Fyappins tried to establish ties with Kingdom of Kartli. As the Russian Empire started expanding its territories in the Caucasus Region 18–19th centuries, Caucasian War broke out. During the war, Fyappin Society was a subject to 2 Tsarist punitive expeditions, which devasted it.
After the end of Caucasian War, Fyappins became part of various okrugs of the Terek Oblast, which in turn was part of Caucasus Viceroyalty. Namely the okrugs: Voeynno-Ossetinskiy Okrug, Ingushskiy Okrug, Vladikavkazsky Okrug, Sunzhensky Otdel and lastly the Nazranovskiy Okrug.
The endonym Fyappiy in their native Ingush language is "Фаьппий", written as "Fäppij" in old Ingush latin writing system. According to some sources, the Ossetians also called Fyappins as "Fappi". Albert Starchevsky recorded in his work Kavkazskiy tolmach (Кавказскій толмач, 'Caucasian Translator') the Ingush name for Fyappiy as "Halha" (Hалhьа), corresponding to the endonym of all Ingush people, Ghalghai.
F. I. Gorepekin explained the meaning of the ethnonym in Ingush language as "settlers marching in a discordant crowd". Similarly, R. L. Kharadze and A. I. Robakidze made a hypothesis that the ethnonym might be connected with term "alien"/"new settler" (but not as in ethnically different from the main mass of Ingush). According to linguist I. Yu. Desheriyev, the ethnonym has no etymological explanation.
Source officielle
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