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Since the discovery of the first member ten years ago, the receptor-interacting protein (RIP) family kinases have emerged as essential sensors of cellular stress. The different members integrate both extracellular stress signals transmitted by various cell ...
Integration of a DNA copy of the viral RNA genome is a crucial step in the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other retroviruses. While the virally encoded integrase is key to this process, cellular factors yet to be characterize ...
The Imd signaling cascade, similar to the mammalian TNF-receptor pathway, controls antimicrobial peptide expression in Drosophila. We performed a large-scale RNAi screen to identify novel components of the Imd pathway in Drosophila S2 cells. In all, 6713 d ...
The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is one of the most prominent and well-studied signaling networks. The pathway has control over such diverse cellular functions as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In addn. to its well-d ...
Conformational changes of channel activation: Five enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) mols. (green cylinders) were integrated into the intracellular part of the homopentameric ionotropic 5-HT3 receptor. This allowed the detection of extracellular bi ...
Two members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family have been previously characterized in Plasmodium falciparum, but in vitro attempts at identifying MAP kinase kinase (MAPKK) homologues have failed. Here we report the characterization of a n ...
Recent studies have established that bile salts are signaling molecules, besides their classic function in dietary lipid absorption and cholesterol metabolism. Bile salts signal by activating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and nuclear rec ...
Both beta-catenin and plakoglobin can stimulate the expression of Lef/Tcf target genes in vitro. beta-Catenin is known to associate with Lef/Tcf factors and to participate directly in transactivation in vivo, whereas the role of plakoglobin in transcriptio ...
The Notch family of receptors is involved in a wide variety of developmental processes, including cell fate specification, cell proliferation, and cell survival decisions during cell differentiation and tissue morphogenesis. Notch1 and Notch ligands are ex ...
Effector CD4+ T cells rapidly activate high-level cytokine expression following TCR stimulation. Consistent with accelerated protein production in these cells, global mRNA profiles revealed that, after cytokines, the most impressive cluster of activated ge ...
