Coronavirus membrane proteinThe membrane (M) protein (previously called E1, sometimes also matrix protein) is an integral membrane protein that is the most abundant of the four major structural proteins found in coronaviruses. The M protein organizes the assembly of coronavirus virions through protein-protein interactions with other M protein molecules as well as with the other three structural proteins, the envelope (E), spike (S), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. The M protein is a transmembrane protein with three transmembrane domains and is around 230 amino acid residues long.
Coronavirus nucleocapsid proteinThe nucleocapsid (N) protein is a protein that packages the positive-sense RNA genome of coronaviruses to form ribonucleoprotein structures enclosed within the viral capsid. The N protein is the most highly expressed of the four major coronavirus structural proteins. In addition to its interactions with RNA, N forms protein-protein interactions with the coronavirus membrane protein (M) during the process of viral assembly. N also has additional functions in manipulating the cell cycle of the host cell.
Coronavirus spike proteinSpike (S) glycoprotein (sometimes also called spike protein, formerly known as E2) is the largest of the four major structural proteins found in coronaviruses. The spike protein assembles into trimers that form large structures, called spikes or peplomers, that project from the surface of the virion. The distinctive appearance of these spikes when visualized using negative stain transmission electron microscopy, "recalling the solar corona", gives the virus family its main name.
Variant Omicron du SARS-CoV-2vignette|Image d'un spécimen de SARS-CoV-2. Le variant Omicron présente plusieurs mutations sur le péplomère (spicules en vert sur l'image). Le variant Omicron () du SARS-CoV-2, aussi appelé B.1.1.529 (synonyme BA.1) selon les lignées Pango, du clade GISAID GR/484A, est un variant du coronavirus responsable de la Covid-19. Nommé d'après la lettre grecque Omicron, le premier cas de ce variant est détecté le au Botswana. Le , il est classé comme variant préoccupant par l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS).
Maladie à coronavirus 2019La maladie à coronavirus 2019, communément appelée la ou le Covid-19 (acronyme de l'anglais coronavirus disease 2019), est une maladie infectieuse émergente de type zoonose virale causée par la souche de coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Les symptômes les plus fréquents sont la fièvre, la toux, la fatigue et la gêne respiratoire. Dans les formes les plus graves, l'apparition d'un syndrome de détresse respiratoire aiguë peut entraîner la mort, notamment chez les personnes plus fragiles du fait de leur âge ou en cas de comorbidités.
