Bus snoopingBus snooping or bus sniffing is a scheme by which a coherency controller (snooper) in a cache (a snoopy cache) monitors or snoops the bus transactions, and its goal is to maintain a cache coherency in distributed shared memory systems. This scheme was introduced by Ravishankar and Goodman in 1983, under the name "write-once" cache coherency. A cache containing a coherency controller (snooper) is called a snoopy cache.
Object storageObject storage (also known as object-based storage) is a computer data storage that manages data as objects, as opposed to other storage architectures like which manages data as a file hierarchy, and block storage which manages data as blocks within sectors and tracks. Each object typically includes the data itself, a variable amount of metadata, and a globally unique identifier. Object storage can be implemented at multiple levels, including the device level (object-storage device), the system level, and the interface level.
RAID (informatique)thumb|Schéma de principe d'une grappe de disques en RAID 5 Le RAID est un ensemble de techniques de virtualisation du stockage permettant de répartir des données sur plusieurs disques durs afin d'améliorer soit les performances, soit la sécurité ou la tolérance aux pannes de l'ensemble du ou des systèmes. L'acronyme RAID a été défini en 1987 par l'Université de Berkeley (Californie), dans un article nommé A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID), soit « regroupement redondant de disques peu onéreux ».
Page cacheIn computing, a page cache, sometimes also called disk cache, is a transparent cache for the pages originating from a secondary storage device such as a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid-state drive (SSD). The operating system keeps a page cache in otherwise unused portions of the main memory (RAM), resulting in quicker access to the contents of cached pages and overall performance improvements. A page cache is implemented in kernels with the paging memory management, and is mostly transparent to applications.
Disk array controllerA disk array controller is a device that manages the physical disk drives and presents them to the computer as logical units. It almost always implements hardware RAID, thus it is sometimes referred to as RAID controller. It also often provides additional disk cache. Disk array controller is often improperly shortened to disk controller. The two should not be confused as they provide very different functionality. A disk array controller provides front-end interfaces and back-end interfaces.
Memory access patternIn computing, a memory access pattern or IO access pattern is the pattern with which a system or program reads and writes memory on secondary storage. These patterns differ in the level of locality of reference and drastically affect cache performance, and also have implications for the approach to parallelism and distribution of workload in shared memory systems. Further, cache coherency issues can affect multiprocessor performance, which means that certain memory access patterns place a ceiling on parallelism (which manycore approaches seek to break).
Proxy inversevignette|upright=1.5|Schéma de principe du reverse proxy Un proxy inverse (reverse proxy) ou serveur mandataire inverse est un type de serveur, habituellement placé en frontal de serveurs web. Contrairement au serveur proxy qui permet à un utilisateur d'accéder au réseau Internet, le proxy inverse permet à un utilisateur d'Internet d'accéder à des serveurs internes. Une des applications courantes du proxy inverse est la répartition de charge (load-balancing). Le proxy inverse est installé du côté des serveurs Internet.
Disk controllerThe disk controller is the controller circuit which enables the CPU to communicate with a hard disk, floppy disk or other kind of disk drive. It also provides an interface between the disk drive and the bus connecting it to the rest of the system. Early disk controllers were identified by their storage methods and data encoding. They were typically implemented on a separate controller card. Modified frequency modulation (MFM) controllers were the most common type in small computers, used for both floppy disk and hard disk drives.
Kepler (architecture de carte graphique)L'architecture Kepler a été développée par NVidia pour ses cartes graphiques. Elle est censée doubler les performances par watt par rapport à Fermi, l'architecture précédente, ce qui permet de l'utiliser dans des cartes graphiques mobiles. La première carte graphique utilisant cette architecture est la GTX 680, utilisant le processeur graphique GK 104.
Adresse physiqueIn computing, a physical address (also real address, or binary address), is a memory address that is represented in the form of a binary number on the address bus circuitry in order to enable the data bus to access a particular storage cell of main memory, or a register of memory-mapped I/O device. In a computer supporting virtual memory, the term physical address is used mostly to differentiate from a virtual address.
