Preferred stockPreferred stock (also called preferred shares, preference shares, or simply preferreds) is a component of share capital that may have any combination of features not possessed by common stock, including properties of both an equity and a debt instrument, and is generally considered a hybrid instrument. Preferred stocks are senior (i.e., higher ranking) to common stock but subordinate to bonds in terms of claim (or rights to their share of the assets of the company, given that such assets are payable to the returnee stock bond) and may have priority over common stock (ordinary shares) in the payment of dividends and upon liquidation.
Strike (finance)vignette|Gains et bénéfices d'une option d'achat Le strike désigne le prix d'exercice d'une option, qui correspond au prix fixé dans le contrat pour l’acquisition ou la cession du sous-jacent. La position du cours du sous-jacent par rapport au strike permet de caractériser l’option. Une option d’achat (respectivement de vente) est dite : « à la monnaie » si le sous-jacent cote le strike (ATM) ; « hors de la monnaie » si le cours du sous-jacent est inférieur (respectivement supérieur) au strike (OTM) ; « dans la monnaie » si le cours du sous-jacent est supérieur (respectivement inférieur) au strike (ITM).
Reserve (accounting)In financial accounting, reserve always has a credit balance and can refer to a part of shareholders' equity, a liability for estimated claims, or contra-asset for uncollectible accounts. A reserve can appear in any part of shareholders' equity except for contributed or basic share capital. In nonprofit accounting, an "operating reserve" is the unrestricted cash on hand available to sustain an organization, and nonprofit boards usually specify a target of maintaining several months of operating cash or a percentage of their annual income, called an Operating Reserve Ratio.
Action en réserveA treasury stock or reacquired stock is stock which is bought back by the issuing company, reducing the amount of outstanding stock on the open market ("open market" including insiders' holdings). Stock repurchases are used as a tax efficient method to put cash into shareholders' hands, rather than paying dividends, in jurisdictions that treat capital gains more favorably. Sometimes, companies repurchase their stock when they feel that it is undervalued on the open market.
Account (bookkeeping)In bookkeeping, an account refers to assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and equity, as represented by individual ledger pages, to which changes in value are chronologically recorded with debit and credit entries. These entries, referred to as postings, become part of a book of final entry or ledger. Examples of common financial accounts are sales, accountsreceivable, mortgages, loans, PP&E, common stock, sales, services, wages and payroll.
Valeur nette comptableIn accounting, book value is the value of an asset according to its balance sheet account balance. For assets, the value is based on the original cost of the asset less any depreciation, amortization or impairment costs made against the asset. Traditionally, a company's book value is its minus intangible assets and liabilities. However, in practice, depending on the source of the calculation, book value may variably include goodwill, intangible assets, or both.
International Financial Reporting StandardsLes International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) sont depuis 2005 le référentiel comptable applicable aux sociétés cotées sur un marché européen. D'autres pays ont adopté le référentiel par la suite, tel le Canada dont l'adoption des IFRS est obligatoire pour les sociétés cotées sur des marchés publics depuis 2011. Un référentiel comptable est un ensemble de normes (règles) définissant les méthodes de comptabilisation. Chaque pays a son propre référentiel, qui peut être plus ou moins éloigné des IFRS.
