HyangHyang (Kawi, Sundanese, Javanese, and Balinese) is a representation of the supreme being, in ancient Java and Bali mythology. The spiritual entity can be either considered as divine or ancestral. The reverence for this spiritual entity can be found in the folk religions of Java and Bali, such as the Sunda Wiwitan ( Sundanism or Cigugur Sundanism), Kejawen ( non-monotheistic Javanism), Kapitayan ( monotheistic Javanism), and Gama Tirta ( Balinism).
AbanganThe Abangan are Javanese people who are Muslims and practice a much more syncretic version of Islam than the more orthodox santri. The term, apparently derived from the Javanese language word for red, abang, was first developed by Clifford Geertz, but the meaning has since shifted. Abangan are more inclined to follow a local system of beliefs called adat and Kebatinan than pure Sharia (Islamic law). Their belief system integrates Hinduism, Buddhism and animism.
CitarumLe Citarum est le plus long fleuve de l'île de Java en Indonésie et le plus pollué . Son bassin est le plus grand de l'ouest de l'île. Il prend sa source au sud de l’île au mont Wayang et se jette dans la mer de Java. Son nom en langue soundanaise signifie . Il est source d'énergie hydraulique qui approvisionne des villes comme Bandung et Djakarta. Le Citarum fournit de l'eau pour la faune, la flore, l'alimentation des nappes et les êtres humains.
SalatigaSalatiga est une ville d'Indonésie dans la province de Java central, située à 47 km au sud de Semarang, la capitale provinciale, et environ 100 km au nord de la ville royale de Yogyakarta. Sa population est d'un peu moins de 150 000 habitants. Salatiga a le statut de kota. Elle est subdivisée en 4 kecamatan (districts) : Argomulyo, Tingkir, Sidomukti et Sidorejo. Salatiga est enclavée dans le kabupaten de Semarang.
PesantrenPesantren, or pondok pesantren, are Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia. They consist of pondok, mosque, santri, teaching of classical Islamic texts and Kyai. According to one popular tradition, the pesantren education system originated from traditional Javanese pondokan; dormitories; ashram for Hindu or viharas for Buddhists to learn religious philosophies, martial arts and meditation. Institutions much like them are found across the Islamic world and are called pondok in Malaysia and Southern Thailand and madrasa Islamia (Islamic madrasa) in India and Pakistan and much of the Arabic-speaking world.
AmboinaisLes Amboinais, connus aussi sous le nom de Sud-Moluquois est un groupe ethnique indonésien qui a des origines austronésiennes et mélanésiennes. Ils vivent sur l'île d'Ambon (appelée aussi Amboine), dans la province des Moluques, à l'est de Célèbes et au nord du Timor. En 2007, on en comptait 35 000 aux Pays-Bas. La langue majoritaire sur l'île d'Ambon est le malais d'Amboine, qui est parfois un seconde langue et une langue commerciale dans le reste des Moluques.
SantriIn Indonesia, santri is a term for someone who follows Islamic religious education in pesantren (Islamic boarding schools). Santri usually stay in the place until their education is complete. After completing their study period, some of them will serve the pesantren by becoming administrators. According to C.C. Berg, the term "santri" comes from Sanskrit shastri which means "one who learns Hindu scriptures"; it has the same root as the word shastra (literature).
