Chiffre de Vigenère

Résumé

vignette|Blaise de Vigenère. Le chiffre de Vigenère est un système de chiffrement par substitution polyalphabétique dans lequel une même lettre du message clair peut, suivant sa position dans celui-ci, être remplacée par des lettres différentes, contrairement à un système de chiffrement mono alphabétique comme le chiffre de César (qu'il utilise cependant comme composant). Cette méthode résiste ainsi à l'analyse de fréquences, ce qui est un avantage décisif sur les chiffrements mono alphabétiques. Cependant le chiffre de Vigenère a été percé par le major prussien Friedrich Kasiski qui a publié sa méthode en 1863. Depuis cette époque, il n‘offre plus aucune sécurité. Il est nommé ainsi au en référence au diplomate du Blaise de Vigenère, qui le décrit (intégré à un chiffrement plus complexe) dans son traité des chiffres paru en 1586. On trouve en fait déjà une méthode de chiffrement analogue dans un court traité de Giovan Battista Bellaso paru en 1553. Historique Dans son t

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiffre_de_Vigen%C3%A8re

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Publications associées (11)

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Concepts associés (11)

thumb|La machine de Lorenz utilisée par les nazis durant la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour chiffrer les communications militaires de haut niveau entre Berlin et les quartiers-généraux des différentes ar

La cryptanalyse est la technique qui consiste à déduire un texte en clair d’un texte chiffré sans posséder la clé de chiffrement. Le processus par lequel on tente de comprendre un message en particuli

In cryptography, ciphertext or cyphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher. Ciphertext is also known as encrypted or encoded information becaus

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Linear (Hull) and Algebraic Cryptanalysis of the Block Cipher PRESENT

Jorge Nakahara, Pouyan Sepehrdad

The contributions of this paper include the first linear hull and a revisit of the algebraic cryptanalysis of reduced-round variants of the block cipher PRESENT, under known-plaintext and ciphertext- only settings. We introduce a pure algebraic cryptanalysis of 5-round PRESENT and in one of our attacks we recover half of the bits of the key in less than three minutes using an ordinary desktop PC. The PRESENT block cipher is a design by Bogdanov et al., announced in CHES 2007 and aimed at RFID tags and sensor networks. For our linear attacks, we can attack 25-round PRESENT with the whole code book, 296.68 25- round PRESENT encryptions, 240 blocks of memory and 0.61 success rate. Further we can extend the linear attack to 26-round with small success rate. As a further contribution of this paper we computed linear hulls in practice for the original PRESENT cipher, which corroborated and even improved on the predicted bias (and the corresponding attack complexities) of conventional linear relations based on a single linear trail.

Springer Berlin / Heidelberg2009

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Revisiting Iterated Attacks in the Context of Decorrelation Theory

Asli Bay, Atefeh Mashatan, Serge Vaudenay

Iterated attacks are comprised of iterating adversaries who can make d plaintext queries, in each iteration to compute a bit, and are trying to distinguish between a random cipher C and the perfect cipher C* based on all bits. Vaudenay showed that a 2d-decorrelated cipher resists to iterated attacks of order d. when iterations have almost no common queries. Then, he first asked what the necessary conditions are for a cipher to resist a non-adaptive iterated attack of order d. I.e., whether decorrelation of order 2d-1 could be sufficient. Secondly, he speculated that repeating a plaintext query in different iterations does not provide any advantage to a non-adaptive distinguisher. We close here these two long-standing open problems negatively. For those questions, we provide two counter-intuitive examples. We also deal with adaptive iterated adversaries who can make both plaintext and ciphertext queries in which the future queries are dependent on the past queries. We show that decorrelation of order 2d protects against these attacks of order d. We also study the generalization of these distinguishers for iterations making non-binary outcomes. Finally, we measure the resistance against two well-known statistical distinguishers, namely, differential-linear and boomerang distinguishers and show that 4-decorrelation degree protects against these attacks.

2014

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The main contribution of this paper is a new iterated secret- key block cipher called 3D, inspired by the AES cipher. The 3D cipher has an SPN design, operates on 512-bit blocks, uses 512-bit keys, it- erates 22 rounds, and employs a 3-dimensional state, instead of the 2- dimensional matrix of the AES. The main innovation of 3D includes the multi-dimensional state, generalizing the design of Rijndael, and allow- ing block sizes beyond the 256-bit boundary. This features motivates the use of 3D as a building block for compression functions in hash functions, MAC and stream cipher constructions requiring large internal states. We explain the design decisions and discuss the security of 3D under several attack settings.

2008

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