Conceptual blendingIn cognitive linguistics, conceptual blending, also called conceptual integration or view application, is a theory of cognition developed by Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner. According to this theory, elements and vital relations from diverse scenarios are "blended" in a subconscious process, which is assumed to be ubiquitous to everyday thought and language. Much like memetics, it is an attempt to create a unitary account of the cultural transmission of ideas.
Numerical cognitionNumerical cognition is a subdiscipline of cognitive science that studies the cognitive, developmental and neural bases of numbers and mathematics. As with many cognitive science endeavors, this is a highly interdisciplinary topic, and includes researchers in cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, neuroscience and cognitive linguistics. This discipline, although it may interact with questions in the philosophy of mathematics, is primarily concerned with empirical questions.
CatégorisationLa catégorisation est une activité mentale qui consiste à placer un ensemble d'objets dans différentes catégories (classes, types, taxons) en fonction de leurs similarités ou de critères communs. Il s'agit d'une stratégie cognitive fondamentale dans la perception et la compréhension de concepts et d'objets, dans la prise de décision et dans l'interaction avec l'environnement, à tel point qu'elle est considérée comme un processus cognitif fondamental.
Language moduleThe language module or language faculty is a hypothetical structure in the human brain which is thought to contain innate capacities for language, originally posited by Noam Chomsky. There is ongoing research into brain modularity in the fields of cognitive science and neuroscience, although the current idea is much weaker than what was proposed by Chomsky and Jerry Fodor in the 1980s. In today's terminology, 'modularity' refers to specialisation: language processing is specialised in the brain to the extent that it occurs partially in different areas than other types of information processing such as visual input.
Cognitive skillCognitive skills, also called cognitive functions, cognitive abilities or cognitive capacities, are brain-based skills which are needed in acquisition of knowledge, manipulation of information and reasoning. They have more to do with the mechanisms of how people learn, remember, solve problems and pay attention, rather than with actual knowledge. Cognitive skills or functions encompass the domains of perception, attention, memory, learning, decision making, and language abilities.
Théorie du prototypeEn sciences cognitives, la théorie du prototype est un modèle de catégorisation graduelle, dans lequel certains membres de la catégorie sont considérés comme plus représentatifs que d’autres, par exemple, lorsqu’on demande de fournir un exemple du concept de « meuble », le terme « chaise » est plus fréquemment cité que, par exemple, « tabouret ». Le terme de prototype a été proposé par Eleanor Rosch en 1973 dans son étude intitulée Natural Categories (Catégories Naturelles).
Relational frame theoryRelational frame theory (RFT) is a psychological theory of human language, cognition, and behaviour. It was developed originally by Steven C. Hayes of University of Nevada, Reno and has been extended in research, notably by Dermot Barnes-Holmes and colleagues of Ghent University. Relational frame theory argues that the building block of human language and higher cognition is relating, i.e. the human ability to create bidirectional links between things.
