Base metalA base metal is a common and inexpensive metal, as opposed to a precious metal such as gold or silver. In numismatics, coins often derived their value from the precious metal content; however, base metals have also been used in coins in the past and today. In contrast to noble metals, base metals may be distinguished by oxidizing or corroding relatively easily and reacting variably with diluted hydrochloric acid (HCl) to form hydrogen. Examples include iron, nickel, lead and zinc.
Mort-terrainIn mining, overburden (also called waste or spoil) is the material that lies above an area that lends itself to economical exploitation, such as the rock, soil, and ecosystem that lies above a coal seam or ore body. Overburden is distinct from tailings, the material that remains after economically valuable components have been extracted from the generally finely milled ore. Overburden is removed during surface mining, but is typically not contaminated with toxic components.
MineraiNOTOC Un minerai (du latin minera, mine) est une roche contenant des minéraux utiles en proportion suffisamment intéressante pour justifier l'exploitation d'une mine, et nécessitant une transformation pour être utilisé par l'industrie. Par extension, le terme « minerai » peut également désigner directement les minéraux exploités. La plupart des minerais métallifères sont : des oxydes (bauxite) ; des sulfures (galène, sphalérite) ; des carbonates (malachite, sidérite) ; des silicates (garniérite).
