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Eshmun (or Eshmoun, less accurately Esmun or Esmoun; 𐤀𐤔𐤌𐤍 ; 𒅀𒋢𒈬𒉡 Yasumunu) was a Phoenician god of healing and the tutelary god of Sidon. Eshmun was known at least from the Iron Age period at Sidon and was worshipped also in Tyre, Beirut, Cyprus, Sardinia, and in Carthage where the site of Eshmun's temple is now occupied by the acropolium of Carthage. According to Eusebius of Caesarea, Phoenician author Sanchuniathon wrote that Sydyk, 'The Righteous', first fathered seven sons equated with the Greek Cabeiri or Dioscuri, no mother named, and then afterwards fathered an eighth son by one of the seven Titanides or Artemides. (See Kotharat). The name Eshmun appears to mean 'the Eighth'. The Neo-Platonist Damascius also stated The Asclepius in Beirut is neither a Greek nor an Egyptian, but some native Phoenician divinity. For to Sadyk were born children who are interpreted as Dioscuri and Cabeiri; and in addition to these was born an eighth son, Esmunus, who is interpreted as Asclepius. Photius (Bibliotheca Codex 242) summarizes Damascius as saying further that Asclepius of Beirut was a youth who was fond of hunting. He was seen by the goddess Astronoë (thought by many scholars to be a version of Astarte) who so harassed him with amorous pursuit that in desperation he castrated himself and died. Astronoë then named the youth Paeon 'Healer', restored him to life from the warmth of her body, and changed him into a god. A trilingual inscription of the 2nd century BCE from Sardinia also identifies Eshmun with the Greek Asclepius and the Latin Aesculapius. Pausanias quotes a Sidonian as saying that the Phoenicians claim Apollo as the father of Asclepius, as do the Greeks, but unlike them do not make his mother a mortal woman. The Sidonian then continued with an allegory which explained that Apollo represented the sun, whose changing path imparts to the air its healthiness which is to be understood as Asclepius. This allegory seems likely a late invention. Also, Apollo is usually equated with the Phoenician plague god Resheph.

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Concepts associés (9)

Eshmoun

Eshmoun ou Baal Eshmoun est un dieu phénicien de la ville de Sidon. C'est une divinité de l'huile et de l'eau, un dieu guérisseur qui tire ses vertus thérapeutiques de la source Yidlal. Eshmoun est assimilé à Asclépios chez les Grecs et Esculape chez les Romains. Un sanctuaire lui est dédié à deux kilomètres au nord-est de Sidon, le temple d'Eshmoun. Eshmoun est aussi un dieu punique (carthaginois) dont le temple a été le dernier lieu de résistance durant la troisième guerre punique. Temple d'Eshmoun Civili

Phoenicia

Phoenicia (fəˈnɪʃə,_fəˈniːʃə), or Phœnicia, was an ancient Semitic thalassocratic civilization originating in the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon. The territory of the Phoenicians extended and shrank throughout history, with the core of their culture stretching from Arwad in modern Syria to Mount Carmel in modern Israel. Beyond their homeland, the Phoenicians extended throughout the Mediterranean, from Cyprus to the Iberian Peninsula.

Punique

vignette|Statuette en terre cuite d'orant L'adjectif punique qualifie ce qui a trait aux Carthaginois de l'Antiquité. Il vient du latin punicus ou poenicus (même sens), dérivé du nom , lui-même issu du grec qui signifiait à la fois « Phénicien » et « Carthaginois ». Le Fadet punique (Coenonympha lyllus ou Coenonympha pamphilus lyllus) est un papillon de la famille des Nymphalidae (sous-famille des Satyrinae). Le Faune punique (Hipparchia powelli) est un papillon de la famille des Nymphalidae (sous-famille des Satyrinae).