The paramesonephric ducts (or Müllerian ducts) are paired ducts of the embryo that run down the lateral sides of the genital ridge and terminate at the sinus tubercle in the primitive urogenital sinus. In the female, they will develop to form the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and the upper one-third of the vagina.
The female reproductive system is composed of two embryological segments: the urogenital sinus and the paramesonephric ducts. The two are conjoined at the sinus tubercle. Paramesonephric ducts are present on the embryo of both sexes. Only in females do they develop into reproductive organs. They degenerate in males of certain species, but the adjoining mesonephric ducts develop into male reproductive organs. The sex based differences in the contributions of the paramesonephric ducts to reproductive organs is based on the presence, and degree of presence, of anti-Müllerian hormone.
During the formation of the reproductive system, the paramesonephric ducts are formed just lateral to the mesonephric ducts in both female and male embryos 6 weeks after fertilization. During this time primordial germ cells migrate from the yolk sac to the genital ridge; a region of mesenchyme arising from, and running parallel with, the mesonephros. The paramesonephric ducts are formed by the craniocaudal invagination of a ribbon of thickened coelomic epithelium that extends from the third thoracic segment caudally to the posterior wall of the urogenital sinus. The caudal parts of the paramesonephric ducts fuse into a single tube, known as the uterovaginal primordium, before flowing into the dorsal aspect of the urogenital sinus at the sinus tubercle directly medial to the mesonephric ducts.
Anti-Müllerian hormone
The development of the paramesonephric (Müllerian) ducts is controlled by the presence or absence of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH; also known as Müllerian-inhibiting substance, "MIF" for "Müllerian-inhibiting factor", "MIH" for "Müllerian-inhibiting hormone", or "APH" for anti-paramesonephric hormone).
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The genitourinary system, or urogenital system, are the organs of the reproductive system and the urinary system. These are grouped together because of their proximity to each other, their common embryological origin and the use of common pathways, like the male urethra. Also, because of their proximity, the systems are sometimes imaged together. The term "apparatus urogenitalis" was used in Nomina Anatomica (under Splanchnologia) but is not used in the current Terminologia Anatomica.
vignette|Schéma des canaux de Müller Les canaux de Müller – aussi appelés canaux ou conduits paramésonéphrotiques – constituent, avec les canaux de Wolff, les voies génitales doubles de l'embryon lors du stade indifférencié du développement de l'appareil génital des mammifères. On utilise aussi les termes de système müllerien et système wolffien. Chez l'humain, la différenciation a lieu entre la après la fécondation pour les femmes et à la 7eme semaine pour les hommes.
Les tubes utérins ou salpinx, anciennement appelés trompes utérines ou trompes de Fallope, sont l’une des parties constituantes de l'appareil génital féminin. Ce sont deux conduits symétriques qui relient chaque ovaire à l’utérus. Leur rôle est indispensable dans le processus de reproduction. Après l’ovulation, ils transportent l’ovocyte dans leur tiers externe et permettent sa rencontre avec les spermatozoïdes. Ils assurent le déplacement de l’œuf vers la cavité utérine après sa fécondation.
Explore le processus de différenciation sexuelle chez les mammifères, détaillant le développement des gonades, des canaux reproducteurs et des organes génitaux externes.