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Concept
Philip Strax
Résumé
Philip Strax (January 1, 1909 – March 9, 1999) was an American radiologist who pioneered the use of mammography to screen for early breast cancer. With his co-investigators, the statistician Sam Shapiro and the surgeon Louis Venet, he conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing outcomes of over 60,000 women who received either mammogram and clinical breast exam (study group) or standard medical care (control group). The first results of this study were published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in 1966. The study demonstrated that screening mammograms, which are routine periodic mammograms of asymptomatic women, could find breast cancer at an early enough stage to save lives. For this research Strax and Shapiro shared the Kettering Prize for outstanding contributions to cancer diagnosis or treatment in 1988.
Strax was one of five children of Polish immigrants to the United States. The family lived in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, where Strax's father worked in the clothing industry. Three of the children became physicians. After finishing high school at the age of 15, Strax won a scholarship to New York University, where he earned an undergraduate degree. He attended New York University School of Medicine, graduating in 1931, and became a family doctor in Manhattan. He became interested in breast cancer research when his first wife died of the disease in 1947.
In the early 1960s, Strax was a radiologist at the Elmhurst Hospital Center in Queens, New York, where he specialized in mammography. He initiated the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) of the use of mammography as a screening tool. The study was done in collaboration with Louis Venet, a surgeon at Beth Israel Medical Center and Sam Shapiro, the director of research and statistics at the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York (HIP) The subjects were 62,000 women between the ages of 40 and 64 who were enrolled in the HIP. Women in the control group were given their usual medical care and those in the treatment group were also given clinical breast examinations and mammograms every year for four years.
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