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Concept
Province of German Bohemia
Résumé
The Province of German Bohemia (Provinz Deutschböhmen ˈdɔʏtʃbøːmən; Německé Čechy) was a province in Bohemia, now the Czech Republic, established for a short period of time after the First World War, as part of the Republic of German-Austria.
It included parts of northern and western Bohemia, at that time primarily populated by ethnic Germans. Important population centers were Reichenberg (now Liberec), Aussig (Ústí nad Labem), Teplitz-Schönau (Teplice), Dux (Duchcov), Eger (Cheb), Marienbad (Mariánské Lázně), Karlsbad (Karlovy Vary), Gablonz an der Neiße (Jablonec nad Nisou), Leitmeritz (Litoměřice), Brüx (Most) and Saaz (Žatec). The land that comprised the province would later form an integral part of the territory later known as the "Sudetenland".
Sudeten Germans
Territories constituting modern German Bohemia were historically an integral part of the Duchy and Kingdom of Bohemia (itself part of the Holy Roman Empire from 1102), although with different ethnic development. Since the second half of the 13th century German settlers been invited by Bohemian kings and nobility into rarely populated border regions of Bohemia to develop these with skills acquired from the comparable landscapes of German states. For subsequent seven centuries Czech lands were characterized by "relationship and contending" (F. Palacký) between Slavic-Czech majority and substantial German minority. Relatively calm coexistence began ending with outbreak of the 1848 Revolution which also brought demands of German nationalists for unification of all German-speaking countries (i.e., in their conception, including Czech lands being then under the Habsburg rule) into one state – the demands which representatives of the Czech National Revival, although quite weak then, decisively refused. Remaining 70 years of existence Austrian and Austro-Hungarian Empire were fulfilled by increasing nationalist tensions and struggling between gradually strengthening Bohemian-Czechs (c. 2/3 of all inhabitants of the Czech lands) and Bohemian-Germans.
Source officielle
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