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Concept
Birmingham Street Commissioners
Résumé
The Birmingham Street Commissioners were a local government body, created in Birmingham, England in 1769, with powers to manage matters such as streets, markets, and policing. Subsequent Improvement Acts of 1773, 1801, and 1812 gave increased powers to the Street Commissioners. They lasted until they were wound up in 1852, and replaced by Birmingham Town Council.
The street commissioners (elsewhere also called improvement commissioners or pavement commissioners) were given the power to ensure clean streets and to provide lighting by oil lamps. Roads could also be widened by the demolition of buildings and removal of cellar entrances.
Unlike many large towns, Birmingham was not incorporated as a borough with a municipal corporation, and so until 1769, the only institutions of local government were the parish vestry and manoral institutions such as the court leet. By the mid-18th century, it was clear that these institutions were inadequate for the needs of the growing town, and that a new local government body was needed. The most acceptable proposal, first made in 1765, was for a dedicated body of commissioners to levy a rate to carry out certain precisely defined functions, such as ensuring the efficient working of the markets, and the provision of street lighting. An Act of Parliament to create this body was passed in 1769, with the passage of the Birmingham Improvement Act 1769.
The powers of the Street Commissioners were gradually increased by further Acts of Parliament, which were obtained in 1773, 1801, 1812 and 1828.
The Board of Street Commissioners originally consisted of fifty residents, unpaid, each of whom owned property with a rateable value of over fifteen pounds. They initially included Sampson Lloyd (banker), John Taylor (banking partner of Sampson Lloyd), Dr. John Ash (founder of the General Hospital), solicitor and benefactor George Barker, and John Baskerville (printer). The number of Commissioners was steadily increased, with another 42 being appointed in 1801, 99 in 1812, and 88 in 1828.
Source officielle
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