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Concept
Échelle diatonique
Résumé
In music theory, a diatonic scale is any heptatonic scale that includes five whole steps (whole tones) and two half steps (semitones) in each octave, in which the two half steps are separated from each other by either two or three whole steps, depending on their position in the scale. This pattern ensures that, in a diatonic scale spanning more than one octave, all the half steps are maximally separated from each other (i.e. separated by at least two whole steps).
The seven pitches of any diatonic scale can also be obtained by using a chain of six perfect fifths. For instance, the seven natural pitch classes that form the C-major scale can be obtained from a stack of perfect fifths starting from F:
F–C–G–D–A–E–B
Any sequence of seven successive natural notes, such as C–D–E–F–G–A–B, and any transposition thereof, is a diatonic scale. Modern musical keyboards are designed so that the white-key notes form a diatonic scale, though transpositions of this diatonic scale require one or more black keys. A diatonic scale can be also described as two tetrachords separated by a whole tone. In musical set theory, Allen Forte classifies diatonic scales as set form 7–35.
The term diatonic originally referred to the diatonic genus, one of the three genera of the ancient Greeks, and comes from diatonikós, of uncertain etymology. Most likely, it refers to the intervals being "stretched out" in that tuning, in contrast to the other two genera (chromatic and enharmonic).
This article does not concern alternative seven-note scales such as the harmonic minor or the melodic minor which, although sometimes called "diatonic", do not fulfill the condition of maximal separation of the semitones indicated above.
Western music from the Middle Ages until the late 19th century (see common practice period) is based on the diatonic scale and the unique hierarchical relationships created by this system of organizing seven notes.
Music of Mesopotamia
Canadian musicologist Bob Fink concluded from his analysis of the 45,000-year-old Divje Babe flute that it "could produce four notes .
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Proximité ontologique
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Concepts associés (25)
Intervalle (musique)
En musique, l'intervalle entre deux notes est l'écart entre leurs hauteurs respectives. Cet intervalle est dit harmonique si les deux notes sont simultanées, mélodique si les deux notes sont émises successivement. En acoustique, l'intervalle entre deux sons harmoniques est le rapport de leurs fréquences. Chaque intervalle d'une échelle musicale, elle-même distinctive d'un type de musique (indienne, occidentale, musique orientale, etc.). La perception des intervalles diffère selon les cultures.
Théorie de la musique
Une théorie de la musique est un ensemble de règles décrivant le système musical d'une culture particulière. Le corpus mondial de textes théoriques concernant la musique est immense. Chaque culture musicale possède ses propres formes. Les théories de la musique regroupent des ensembles de notions concernant la production et l'organisation des sons musicaux, qui ne définissent pas nécessairement tous de la même façon le temps, le caractère distinctif de chaque son, et les relations entre sons successifs ou simultanés.
Key (music)
In music theory, the key of a piece is the group of pitches, or scale, that forms the basis of a musical composition in Western classical music, art music, and pop music. Tonality (from "Tonic") or key: Music which uses the notes of a particular scale is said to be "in the key of" that scale or in the tonality of that scale. A particular key features a tonic note and its corresponding chords, also called a tonic or tonic chord, which provides a subjective sense of arrival and rest, and also has a unique relationship to the other pitches of the same key, their corresponding chords, and pitches and chords outside the key.