19th-century science was greatly influenced by Romanticism (or the Age of Reflection, 1800–40), an intellectual movement that originated in Western Europe as a counter-movement to the late-18th-century Enlightenment. Romanticism incorporated many fields of study, including politics, the arts, and the humanities.
In contrast to the Enlightenment's mechanistic natural philosophy, European scientists of the Romantic period held that observing nature implied understanding the self and that knowledge of nature "should not be obtained by force". They felt that the Enlightenment had encouraged the abuse of the sciences, and they sought to advance a new way to increase scientific knowledge, one that they felt would be more beneficial not only to mankind but to nature as well.
Romanticism advanced a number of themes: it promoted anti-reductionism (that the whole is more valuable than the parts alone) and epistemological optimism (man was connected to nature), and encouraged creativity, experience, and genius. It also emphasized the scientist's role in scientific discovery, holding that acquiring knowledge of nature meant understanding man as well; therefore, these scientists placed a high importance on respect for nature.
Romanticism declined beginning around 1840 as a new movement, positivism, took hold of intellectuals, and lasted until about 1880. As with the intellectuals who earlier had become disenchanted with the Enlightenment and had sought a new approach to science, people now lost interest in Romanticism and sought to study science using a stricter process.
As the Enlightenment had a firm hold in France during the last decades of the 18th century, the Romantic view on science was a movement that flourished in Great Britain and especially Germany in the first half of the 19th century. Both sought to increase individual and cultural self-understanding by recognizing the limits in human knowledge through the study of nature and the intellectual capacities of man.
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
Explore le symbolisme oublié de la forme architecturale à Las Vegas, mettant l'accent sur l'importance des parkings A&P et des valeurs commerciales, et la nécessité pour les architectes de s'adapter à divers besoins et contextes sociaux.
Le romantisme est un mouvement culturel apparu à la fin du en Allemagne et en Angleterre et se diffusant à tout l'Occident au cours du , jusqu’aux années 1850. Il s’exprime dans la littérature, la peinture, la sculpture, la musique, la politique et la danse et se caractérise par une volonté de l'artiste d'explorer toutes les possibilités de l'art afin d'exprimer ses états d'âme : il est ainsi une réaction du sentiment contre la raison, exaltant le mystère et le fantastique et cherchant l'évasion et le ravissement dans le rêve, le morbide et le sublime, l'exotisme et le passé, l'idéal ou le cauchemar d'une sensibilité passionnée et mélancolique.
Towards the end of the 19th century travels were still marking a rite de passage in the education and self- development of architects’ idiom, especially for Norden countries. Albeit manifesting significant German influences, their condition of a seemingly ...