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Concept
Torphichen
Résumé
Torphichen (tɔrˈfɪxən ) is a historic small village located north of Bathgate in West Lothian, Scotland. The village is approximately west of Edinburgh, south-east of Falkirk and south-west of Linlithgow. The village had a population of 570 in the (2011 Census) and a population of 710 in 2016. Torphichen's placename may be Gaelic in origin, e.g., "Tóir Féichín" (the boundary/sanctuary of St Féichín), Tor Fithichean (Hill of the Ravens), or partly from Brythonic "tre fychan" (little town) or small hill.
The village (parish) church is said to have been founded by St. Ninian in about 400AD, a small wooden structure on the site of the present church (itself rebuilt in 1756). By the medieval period, the church and area had continued to develop and in 1165, the Knights Hospitaller of St. John made their Scottish headquarters at Torphichen and the Preceptory stands as testament to their presence. By 1756, part of the old structure of the Preceptory was altered to allow the creation of a new parish church for local residents, supported by patronage from the Lord Torphichen and also from the local laird Walter Gillon of Wallhouse. Wallhouse remains as a castellated country house just on the western edge of the village. The 18th century creation of the parish church also included the addition of a belfry tower, which resulted in destruction of the Norman nave.
Many of the workshippers in the Torphichen Parish "came out" of the established Church of Scotland in the Disruption and the village has the oldest purpose-built Free Church, erected that same year at the top of Low Brae in a Norman Revival Style. By 1930, the free congregation was reunited with the established church and they worshipped together again (and since) at the parish kirk (adjacent to the Preceptory). The old free church became the parish hall and is now named St. John's church hall.
In 1897, the octagonal Jubilee Fountain was added to the village square. The north side of the square contains the village post office (and shop) and several cottages, constructed in the 19th century.
Source officielle
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