Concept
Arthur Woolf
Concepts associés (6)
Single- and double-acting cylinders
In mechanical engineering, the cylinders of reciprocating engines are often classified by whether they are single- or double-acting, depending on how the working fluid acts on the piston. A single-acting cylinder in a reciprocating engine is a cylinder in which the working fluid acts on one side of the piston only. A single-acting cylinder relies on the load, springs, other cylinders, or the momentum of a flywheel, to push the piston back in the other direction. Single-acting cylinders are found in most kinds of reciprocating engine.
Compound steam engine
A compound steam engine unit is a type of steam engine where steam is expanded in two or more stages. A typical arrangement for a compound engine is that the steam is first expanded in a high-pressure (HP) cylinder, then having given up heat and losing pressure, it exhausts directly into one or more larger-volume low-pressure (LP) cylinders. Multiple-expansion engines employ additional cylinders, of progressively lower pressure, to extract further energy from the steam.
Beam engine
A beam engine is a type of steam engine where a pivoted overhead beam is used to apply the force from a vertical piston to a vertical connecting rod. This configuration, with the engine directly driving a pump, was first used by Thomas Newcomen around 1705 to remove water from mines in Cornwall. The efficiency of the engines was improved by engineers including James Watt, who added a separate condenser; Jonathan Hornblower and Arthur Woolf, who compounded the cylinders; and William McNaught, who devised a method of compounding an existing engine.
Stationary steam engine
Stationary steam engines are fixed steam engines used for pumping or driving mills and factories, and for power generation. They are distinct from locomotive engines used on railways, traction engines for heavy steam haulage on roads, steam cars (and other motor vehicles), agricultural engines used for ploughing or threshing, marine engines, and the steam turbines used as the mechanism of power generation for most nuclear power plants.
Machine à vapeur
La machine à vapeur est un moteur à combustion externe qui transforme l'énergie thermique de la vapeur d'eau (produite par une ou des chaudières) en énergie mécanique. Les évolutions les plus significatives de cette invention datent du . Comme première source d'énergie mécanique maîtrisée par l'homme (contrairement à l'énergie hydraulique, marémotrice ou éolienne, qui nécessitent des sites spéciaux et que l'on ne peut actionner facilement à la demande), elle a une importance majeure lors de la révolution industrielle.
James Watt
James Watt, né le à Greenock en Écosse et mort le à Heathfield Hall, dans sa maison à Handsworth (localité maintenant intégrée à Birmingham, en Angleterre) est un ingénieur écossais dont les améliorations sur la machine à vapeur furent une des étapes clé dans la révolution industrielle. Il a animé la Lunar Society de Birmingham. En hommage à ses recherches, le watt (symbole W), a été donné à l'Unité internationale de puissance, ou de flux énergétique (dont le flux thermique).