BasmylThe Basmyls (Basmyl; Basmals, Basmils, Basmïl, , Middle Chinese ZS: *bɣɛt̚-siɪt̚-miɪt̚/mɣiɪt̚/miᴇ; also 弊剌 Bìlà, MC *bjiejH-lat) were a 7th- to 8th-century Turkic nomadic tribe who mostly inhabited the Dzungaria region in the northwest of modern-day China. Originally a forest people, Basmyls eventually grew in importance and played a prominent role in the Turkic politics from the 6th century. At one point Basmyls even overthrew the Second Turkic Khaganate's dynastic clan and briefly held the Khaganate with the help of Karluks and Uyghurs, who later turned against Basmyls.
Tatar confederationTatar (; Tatar; Middle Mongol: ) was one of the five major tribal confederations (khanlig) in the Mongolian Plateau in the 12th century. The name "Tatar" was possibly first transliterated in the Book of Song as 大檀 Dàtán (MC: *daH-dan) and 檀檀 Tántán (MC: *dan-dan) which the book's compilers stated to be other names of the Rourans; Book of Song and Book of Liang connected Rourans to the earlier Xiongnu while the Book of Wei traced the Rouran's origins back to the Donghu, who were of Proto-Mongolic origin.
Histoire du KazakhstanLe Kazakhstan, pays de vastes steppes, fut depuis les temps les plus anciens parcouru par des populations nomades. Au début de l'époque moderne, il est peuplé de nomades turcophones – les Kazakhs –, chasseurs et éleveurs, dont les traditions sociales sont basées sur une structure clanique qui existe encore de nos jours. Ces territoires, âprement disputés entre la Russie et la Chine, finissent par des jeux d'alliances et des pressions militaires par passer sous tutelle puis sous domination directe de la Russie, avant d'obtenir son indépendance le 16 décembre 1991.
History of the central steppeThis is a short History of the central steppe, an area roughly equivalent to modern Kazakhstan. Because the history is complex it is mainly an outline and index to the more detailed articles given in the links. It is a companion to History of the western steppe and History of the eastern steppe and is parallel to the History of Kazakhstan and the History of central Asia. "Central steppe" is an informal term for the middle part of the Eurasian steppe. It is grassland with some semi-desert and becomes dryer toward the south.
TieleThe Tiele, also named Gaoche or Gaoju, were a tribal confederation of Turkic ethnic origins living to the north of China proper and in Central Asia, emerging after the disintegration of the confederacy of the Xiongnu. Chinese sources associate them with the earlier Dingling. The names "Chile" and "Gaoche" first appear in Chinese records during the campaigns of Former Yan and Dai in 357 and 363 respectively. However, the protagonists were also addressed as "Dingling" in the records of the Southern Dynasties.
RuanruanLe khanat des Ruanruan ou Ruanran ou Rouran ou Juan-juan (, API : ), ou encore Ruru () est une confédération tribale turco-mongole qui a fondé un empire, établi entre la fin du au nord de la Chine, depuis la Manchourie jusqu'au Turkestan. Alliés aux Huns blancs et en conflit fréquent avec la dynastie Wei du Nord, cet empire est détruit par une rébellion de Göktürks vers 552. Parce qu’une de leurs tribus, les Hua (qu’ils mirent à la tête des Ouïghours en 460), apparut ultérieurement en Europe sous le nom d’Avars, la simplification grossière selon laquelle les mots Ruanruan et Avars étaient synonyme s’est largement répandue.
