Jury tampering is the crime of unduly attempting to influence the composition or decisions of a jury during the course of a trial. The means by which this crime could be perpetrated can include attempting to discredit potential jurors to ensure they will not be selected for duty. Once selected, jurors could be bribed or intimidated to act in a certain manner on duty. It could also involve making unauthorized contact with them for the purpose of introducing prohibited outside information and then arguing for a mistrial. In the United States, people have also been charged with jury tampering for handing out pamphlets and flyers indicating that jurors have certain rights and obligations, including an obligation to vote their conscience notwithstanding the instructions they are given by the judge.
In the Republic of Ireland, the Special Criminal Court is a three-judge, juryless court which tries cases based on a majority vote. Use of the Special Criminal Court is restricted to cases where "ordinary courts are inadequate to secure the effective administration of justice", and is allowed for by the Constitution of Ireland.
While the power was initially created to prevent court cases being subverted by juries sympathetic to the defendant, the Special Criminal Court was established in 1972 to handle paramilitary cases resulting from the Troubles, when the risk of jury intimidation was high and there had also been a series of light sentences and acquittals by judges and juries sympathetic to the defendants. It has since been used to try cases of high-profile gang leaders and other high-risk non-terrorism cases where normal juries risk intimidation or revenge.
In Great Britain, the Criminal Justice Act 2003 allows for non-jury trials when there is danger of jury tampering, or where jury tampering has taken place. On 18 June 2009, the Court of Appeal in England and Wales made a landmark ruling that resulted in the Lord Chief Justice, Lord Judge, allowing the first-ever criminal trial to be held without a jury by invoking Section 44 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003.
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
En droit français, un procès est un litige soumis à une juridiction, laquelle peut être par exemple une cour ou un tribunal. À l'issue du procès, une décision est rendue. En France, la décision est généralement appelée jugement, lorsque la juridiction qui l'a rendue est appelée tribunal, ou arrêt, lorsque cette juridiction est appelée « cour ». Avant toute action, la compétence juridique doit être définie de manière à savoir auprès de quel type de tribunal l'action en justice doit être portée et à quel endroit elle le sera.
vignette|The Jury de John Morgan (1861) : jury criminel à Aylesbury, au Royaume-Uni. Un jury est un ensemble de citoyens, appelés des jurés, chargés de rendre un verdict dans un procès. Dans son sens commun, le jury regroupe l'ensemble des personnes chargées de sélectionner des candidats à un concours. Le système de jury trouve son origine dans le consilium (en français : conseil), mis en place dans les débuts de l'Inquisition au Moyen Âge, notamment à Toulouse au , où l'on atteste son existence dans des procès intentés par les inquisiteurs Bernard de Caux et Jean de Saint-Pierre.
Jury tampering is the crime of unduly attempting to influence the composition or decisions of a jury during the course of a trial. The means by which this crime could be perpetrated can include attempting to discredit potential jurors to ensure they will not be selected for duty. Once selected, jurors could be bribed or intimidated to act in a certain manner on duty. It could also involve making unauthorized contact with them for the purpose of introducing prohibited outside information and then arguing for a mistrial.
Couvre le régime d'avantages sociaux, les services aux employés et l'adaptation multinationale, en soulignant l'importance des connaissances locales dans la définition des systèmes de rémunération.