Autoimmune hemolytic anemiaAutoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) occurs when antibodies directed against the person's own red blood cells (RBCs) cause them to burst (lyse), leading to an insufficient number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in the circulation. The lifetime of the RBCs is reduced from the normal 100–120 days to just a few days in serious cases. The intracellular components of the RBCs are released into the circulating blood and into tissues, leading to some of the characteristic symptoms of this condition.
Hypothèse hygiénistevignette|Le taux d'asthme dans différents pays (2004) montre la prévalence plus élevée de cette maladie dans les pays industrialisés. L'hypothèse hygiéniste, appelée aussi hypothèse hygiène ou hypothèse de l'hygiène, est une théorie selon laquelle une réduction de l’exposition en bas âge aux infections et aux composantes microbiennes dans les pays industrialisés entraînerait une diminution de la maturation du système immunitaire et, en conséquence, une augmentation de la prévalence des maladies allergiques, auto-immunes, inflammatoires ou de certains cancers.
TocilizumabLe tocilizumab est un anticorps monoclonal humanisé qui bloque l’action des récepteurs de l’interleukine 6. Il est utilisé pour son action immunosuppressive dans le traitement de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde (PAR). Lors de la pandémie de Covid-19, il est évalué comme moyen de lutter contre la « tempête de cytokine » qui est une cause importante de mortalité chez les patients sévèrement touchés par cette maladie.
PolyarthritisPolyarthritis is any type of arthritis that involves 5 or more joints simultaneously. It is usually associated with autoimmune conditions and may be experienced at any age and is not sex specific. Polyarthritis is most often caused by an auto-immune disorder such as rheumatoid arthritis, amyloidosis, psoriatic arthritis, and lupus erythematosus but can also be caused by infection with an alphavirus such as chikungunya virus and Ross River virus. This condition is termed alphavirus polyarthritis syndrome.
Graves' ophthalmopathyGraves’ ophthalmopathy, also known as thyroid eye disease (TED), is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the orbit and periorbital tissues, characterized by upper eyelid retraction, lid lag, swelling, redness (erythema), conjunctivitis, and bulging eyes (exophthalmos). It occurs most commonly in individuals with Graves' disease, and less commonly in individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or in those who are euthyroid. It is part of a systemic process with variable expression in the eyes, thyroid, and skin, caused by autoantibodies that bind to tissues in those organs.
