Infrastructure de données spatiales

Résumé

Une IDS (Infrastructure de Données Spatiales; ou IDG, Infrastructure de Données Géographiques, en anglais SDI pour Spatial Data Infrastructure) est une organisation qui repose sur des accords de partage, une coordination entre ses membres et des systèmes informatiques qui intègrent un ensemble de services (catalogues, serveurs, logiciels, données, applications, pages web, ...) utilisés pour la gestion de l'information géographique (cartes, orthophotoplans, images satellitaires…). Une partie des services informatiques des IDS est déployée sur le web et respecte un ensemble de conditions d’interopérabilité (normes, spécifications, protocoles, interfaces, ...). Cela permet à l’utilisateur de pouvoir utiliser les services à travers un simple navigateur web ainsi que de combiner les services proposés par différentes IDS selon ses besoins. La mise en place d’une IDS à l'échelle locale, régionale, nationale ou globale, nécessite l’accord des producteurs, intégrateurs et utilisateurs de l’

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_de_donn%C3%A9es_spatiales

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Publications associées (10)

Chargement

Afficher plus

Publications associées

Chargement

Personnes associées

Chargement

Unités associées

Chargement

Concepts associés (1)

Concepts associés

Chargement

Cours associés (3)

Cours associés

Chargement

Séances de cours associées (2)

Séances de cours associées

Chargement

Publications associées (10)

In the context of this master thesis, a Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) was designed to store distributed air quality sensors data to provide a framework to facilitate the downloading, the analysis and in turn the understanding of the spatial distribution of air quality in the city of Chicago.

2018

Chargement

2018

Chargement

Geographic Information Technologies are now widespread. Geomatics tools are no longer restricted to a small number of technicians but impact on all of the actors within the land management sector (planners, geologists, foresters…). Many partnerships have emerged due to the increasing number of GIS expert as well as the increasing needs of integrated land approaches. Beyond their original purpose of basic map dissemination, these groups require spatial data infrastructures in order to organize thematic data coproduction. That is the reason why a switch is occurring : from spatial data sharing to spatial knowledge sharing. In this context, the thesis intends to understand and analyse the issues of this new inter-organizational geomatics. Spatial data build a territorial reality reflecting experience and expectations of its producer. That is the reason why the issues are numerous. How can spatial data be simultaneously the result of collective negotiation as well as the object of individual representation? So, the aim of this research is to understand the role of spatial data on the cooperation process of land managers (and stakeholders in land management). In order to give an answer, we choose to study the spatial data appropriation process. This process opens the analysis of how data can be used by a group that has not produced the data itself, as well as in a multi-actor context. We adopt a qualitative, inductive and exploratory methodology called "grounded theory" to build and specify our working hypothesis throughout the research. Four iterations allow a "round-trip" process between empirical observations and theoretical analysis thus progressively exploring different aspects of explanation. A socio-cognitive approach, supported by observations, analyzes spatial data as a boundary-object in a socially and cognitively distributed actor network. Distributed cognition theory offers a framework to understand data as a cognitive and collaborative artefact. Eight exploratory case studies help to identify typical appropriation trajectories, factors and socio-cognitive processes. A systemic approach is applied to the results in order to propose an integrated and complementary vision of appropriation trajectories. The systemic framework of Eric Schwarz is used to highlight the importance of mediation process and focuses on the emergence of spatial knowledge sharing. Finally, an action agenda can be emerge from an assessment of this new way to analyze the interorganizational geomatics. This agenda comprises organisation (from consensus or compromise to an argumentative consensus process), actors (from animator to a facilitator competence) and technology (from standardizing ontologies to negociating ontologies). This research offers a different vantage point on the spatial data question. Systemic and socio-cognitive approaches suggest a new integration of knowledge and information in the context of geographical information technologies. The thesis therefore provides understanding and operation elements so that spatial data sharing can progressively evolve into geomatics learning networks, also termed "communities of practice".

EPFL2009

Chargement

Afficher plus

EPFL2009