Freudenthal magic squareIn mathematics, the Freudenthal magic square (or Freudenthal–Tits magic square) is a construction relating several Lie algebras (and their associated Lie groups). It is named after Hans Freudenthal and Jacques Tits, who developed the idea independently. It associates a Lie algebra to a pair of division algebras A, B. The resulting Lie algebras have Dynkin diagrams according to the table at right.
Hermitian symmetric spaceIn mathematics, a Hermitian symmetric space is a Hermitian manifold which at every point has an inversion symmetry preserving the Hermitian structure. First studied by Élie Cartan, they form a natural generalization of the notion of Riemannian symmetric space from real manifolds to complex manifolds. Every Hermitian symmetric space is a homogeneous space for its isometry group and has a unique decomposition as a product of irreducible spaces and a Euclidean space.
Espace symétriqueEn mathématiques, et plus spécifiquement en géométrie différentielle, un espace symétrique est une variété, espace courbe sur lequel on peut définir une généralisation convenable de la notion de symétrie centrale. La définition précise de la notion d'espace symétrique dépend du type de structure dont on munit la variété. Le plus couramment, on entend par espace symétrique une variété munie d'une métrique riemannienne pour laquelle l'application de symétrie le long des géodésiques constitue une isométrie.
Simple Lie groupIn mathematics, a simple Lie group is a connected non-abelian Lie group G which does not have nontrivial connected normal subgroups. The list of simple Lie groups can be used to read off the list of simple Lie algebras and Riemannian symmetric spaces. Together with the commutative Lie group of the real numbers, , and that of the unit-magnitude complex numbers, U(1) (the unit circle), simple Lie groups give the atomic "blocks" that make up all (finite-dimensional) connected Lie groups via the operation of group extension.
