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Quantitative Microstructural Imaging for Clinical Use

Gian Franco Piredda

Today, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a well-established medical imaging modality thanks to its excellent soft tissue contrast. Conventional MR image contrasts can be weighted towards one or more physical properties that discriminate different tissues ...

EPFL2021

Axon morphology is modulated by the local environment and impacts the noninvasive investigation of its structure-function relationship

Jean-Philippe Thiran, Jonathan Rafael Patino Lopez, Tim Bjørn Dyrby

Axonal conduction velocity, which ensures efficient function of the brain network, is related to axon diameter. Noninvasive, in vivo axon diameter estimates can be made with diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, but the technique requires three-dimensional ...

National Academy of Sciences2020

DWI Simulation-Assisted Machine Learning Models for Microstructure Estimation

Jean-Philippe Thiran, Erick Jorge Canales Rodriguez, Gabriel Girard, Jonathan Rafael Patino Lopez, Thomas Yu, Muhamed Barakovic, Marco Pizzolato

Diffusion MRI (DW-MRI) allows for the detailed exploration of the brain white matter microstructure, with applications in both research and the clinic. However, state-of-the-art methods for microstructure estimation suffer from known limitations, such as t ...

Springer Nature2020

Probing myelin content of the human brain with MRI: A review

Jean-Philippe Thiran, Tobias Kober, Tom Hilbert, Gian Franco Piredda

Rapid and efficient transmission of electric signals among neurons of vertebrates is ensured by myelin-insulating sheaths surrounding axons. Human cognition, sensation, and motor functions rely on the integrity of these layers, and demyelinating diseases o ...

WILEY2021

The Target of Exuberant Projections in Development

Giorgio Innocenti

In addition to neuronal death and elimination of synapses, the production of transient, exuberant axons, and axonal branches is a general phenomenon in development across species and systems. To understand what drives the decision of which axons are mainta ...

2020

Astrocytic release of ATP through type 2 inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor calcium signaling and social dominance behavior in mice

Maria del Carmen Sandi Perez, Jocelin Grosse, Marie-Isabelle Guillot de Suduiraut, Fiona Hollis, Eva Ramos Fernandez

Brain mitochondrial function is critical for numerous neuronal processes. We recently identified a link between brain energy and social dominance, where higher levels of mitochondrial function resulted in increased social competitive ability. The underlyin ...

2020

Cryo-EM, X-ray diffraction, and atomistic simulations reveal determinants for the formation of a supramolecular myelin-like proteolipid lattice

Henning Paul-Julius Stahlberg

Myelin protein P2 is a peripheral membrane protein of the fatty acid–binding protein family that functions in the formation and maintenance of the peripheral nerve myelin sheath. Several P2 gene mutations cause human Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy, but the ...

2020

Towards non-parametric reconstruction of axon diameter distributions using diffusion MRI and regularized discrete linear modeling

David Paul Roger Romascano

The distribution of axon diameters (ADD) is an important white matter feature: it influences action potential speed, it has been shown to evolve during development, and also to be affected during pathological processes. Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ...

EPFL2019

Diversity of Cortico-descending Projections: Histological and Diffusion MRI Characterization in the Monkey

Jean-Philippe Thiran, Graham Knott, Maxime Descoteaux, Giorgio Innocenti, Tim Bjørn Dyrby

The axonal composition of cortical projections originating in premotor, supplementary motor (SMA), primary motor (a4), somatosensory and parietal areas and descending towards the brain stem and spinal cord was characterized in the monkey with histological ...

OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC2019

ErbB receptor signaling directly controls oligodendrocyte progenitor cell transformation and spontaneous remyelination after spinal cord injury

Nicholas David James

We recently discovered a novel role for neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) signaling in mediating spontaneous regenerative processes and functional repair after spinal cord injury (SCI). We revealed that Nrg1 is the molecular signal responsible for spontaneous functional ...

2019

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