The national income and product accounts (NIPA) are part of the national accounts of the United States. They are produced by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the Department of Commerce. They are one of the main sources of data on general economic activity in the United States.
They use double-entry accounting to report the monetary value and sources of output produced in the country and the distribution of incomes that production generates. Data are available at the national and industry levels.
Seven summary accounts are published, as well as a much larger number of more specific accounts. The first summary account shows the gross domestic product (GDP) and its major components.
The table summarizes national income on the left (debit, revenue) side and national product on the right (credit, expense) side of a two-column accounting report. Thus the left side gives GDP by the income method, and the right side gives GDP by the expenditure method.
The GDP is given on the bottom line of both sides of the report. GDP must have the same value on both sides of the account. This is because income and expenditure are defined in a way that forces them to be equal (see accounting identity). We show the 2003 table later in this article; we present the left side first for a convenient screen display.
The U.S. report (updated quarterly) is available in several forms, including interactive, from links on the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) NIPA () page. Other countries report based on their own adopted system of National accounts which are frequently based on the U.S. NIPAs, the widely adopted United Nations System of National Accounts, or their own custom approach. The level of detail (granularity) accounted for internally, and reported publicly, varies widely across countries. Likewise, a nation's system of accounts, (analogous to a firm's Chart of accounts) are typically gradually revised and updated on their own individual schedule. The U.S. NIPAs are prepared by the staff of the Directorate for National Economic Accounts within the BEA.
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La comptabilité nationale est une représentation schématique et quantifiée de l'activité économique d'un pays. Elle consiste en une mesure des flux monétaires représentatifs de l'économie d'un pays pendant une période donnée, en principe une année, et les regroupe dans des totaux nommés agrégats, dans un but analytique direct. La comptabilité nationale prend en compte de nombreux indicateurs macroéconomiques, dont le plus important est le PIB (produit intérieur brut), qui correspond à la somme des valeurs ajoutées — auxquels il faut ajouter les impôts nets des subventions sur les produits — des biens et services produits dans un pays donné au cours d'une année.
The national income and product accounts (NIPA) are part of the national accounts of the United States. They are produced by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the Department of Commerce. They are one of the main sources of data on general economic activity in the United States. They use double-entry accounting to report the monetary value and sources of output produced in the country and the distribution of incomes that production generates. Data are available at the national and industry levels.
La valeur ajoutée est une notion des domaines fiscaux et comptable, ainsi que dans l’ingénierie industrielle, où elle permet de spécifier les résultats des opérations de transformation ainsi que d'évaluer et de faire évoluer la conception de produits. Elle s'inscrit en particulier dans l'analyse de la valeur. Selon l'INSEE, la valeur ajoutée se définit ainsi : .
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