Diti (दिति) is a daughter of the Prajapati Daksha in Hinduism. She is a wife of the sage Kashyapa and the mother of the demonic race Daityas and the divine group of Marutas.
According to the Puranic scriptures,
Diti is one of the sixty daughters of Prajapati Daksha and his wife Asikni. She and her twelve sisters were married to the sage Kashyapa. Diti is described as the mother of two groups of beings—the Daityas and the Maruts. The most prominent of her sons were Hiranyakashipu, Hiranyaksha, Vajranaka, Arunasura, Raktabija and Surapadman. Diti also had a daughter named Simhika (also known as Holika).
The Bhagavata Purana describes the circumstances of the birth of the two powerful daityas:
Diti was one of the wives of Kaśyapa. She had no children while the other wives of Kaśyapa had children. Jealousy and grief rankled in her mind. One day she approached Kaśyapa and pressed him to beget a son for her. It was the time of dusk when Kaśyapa was deeply absorbed in his day’s devotional worship. She disturbed his "Dhyāna" (devotional concentration) by her importunity, but he was reluctant to yield to her wishes at such an inauspicious time. It is at dusk that Śiva goes about with his attendant hordes of spirits, wearing the crown of his matted hair covered with the dust carried by the whirlwinds from cremation grounds and keeping his three eyes wide open. Kaśyapa asked Diti to wait for a few minutes, until that terrible time was over, but she did not heed his advice. In the fury of her passion she sprang towards him and stripped him of his clothes and in the end Kaśyapa yielded to her carnal desires. But after the act he in a repentant mood told her that she had defiled her mind by having sexual union in that unholy hour and by doing so had sinned against the gods. As a result, twin sons will be born in her womb. They would persecute and torture the three worlds. Mahāviṣṇu would incarnate to destroy them. But since she also felt a little regret in her act, a grandson of her (Prahlāda) will become a devotee of Viṣṇu.
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Kashyapa (, ) is a revered Vedic sage of Hinduism. He is one of the Saptarishis, the seven ancient sages of the Rigveda. Kashyapa is the most ancient and venerated rishi, along with the other Saptarishis, listed in the colophon verse in the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. Kashyapa is an ancient name, referring to many different personalities in the ancient Hindu and Buddhist texts. The place Kashmir is named after him, as well as numerous other Sanskrit texts and Indian scriptures. Kashyapa means "turtle" in Sanskrit.
thumb|400px|Illustration (gouache sur papier, vers 1740 — fonds indien du British Museum) . Le Bhagavata Purana (aussi appelé le Shrimad Bhagavatam ; IAST : Bhāgavata Purāṇa) est un des dix-huit purana majeurs ou Mahapurana. Rédigé en sanskrit, il s'agit d'un texte ancien, puisqu'il est mentionné dans une liste des purana que l'on trouve dans un chapitre du Mahabharata. Cependant, il pourrait s'agir du plus récent des Purana, et sa rédaction est sans doute postérieure au .
thumb|Virabhadra (émanation de Shiva), vénéré par Daksha (dieu avec une tête de bélier), vers 1820. Daksha (sanskrit IAST : dakṣa ; devanagari : दक्ष ; « habile, expert ») est une divinité de la mythologie hindoue. « Expert (en rituel) », dieu du sacrifice, issu du pouce de Brahmā, il est à la fois père et fils d'Aditi, et père de Diti. Chef des géniteurs (prajāpati), il personnifie le rituel et la magie efficace. Il a eu de nombreuses filles, et l'une d'elles, Satī, est célèbre pour avoir été l'épouse de Shiva.