Transplantation rénaleLa transplantation rénale, ou greffe de rein est une intervention chirurgicale consistant à remplacer un rein défectueux par un rein sain, prélevé sur un donneur. Selon la pathologie initiale, le greffon peut être posé sans que le rein ou les reins malades aient été retirés. Le rein transplanté est généralement greffé plus bas que la position anatomique normale, notamment dans la fosse iliaque. Il s'agit de la greffe la plus courante, elle possède un taux de réussite élevé.
Fluid balanceFluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in the organism needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges. The core principle of fluid balance is that the amount of water lost from the body must equal the amount of water taken in; for example, in humans, the output (via respiration, perspiration, urination, defecation, and expectoration) must equal the input (via eating and drinking, or by parenteral intake).
Assessment of kidney functionAssessment of kidney function occurs in different ways, using the presence of symptoms and signs, as well as measurements using urine tests, blood tests, and medical imaging. Functions of a healthy kidney include maintaining a person's fluid balance, maintaining an acid-base balance; regulating electrolytes including sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes; clearing toxins; regulating blood pressure; and regulating hormones, such as erythropoietin; and activation of vitamin D.
Insuffisance rénaleKidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys can no longer adequately filter waste products from the blood, functioning at less than 15% of normal levels. Kidney failure is classified as either acute kidney failure, which develops rapidly and may resolve; and chronic kidney failure, which develops slowly and can often be irreversible. Symptoms may include leg swelling, feeling tired, vomiting, loss of appetite, and confusion.
NéphropathieUne néphropathie est une affection du rein en général, qu'il s'agisse d'un trouble fonctionnel ou lié à des lésions organiques du rein. Du grec ancien grc (nephrós, rein) et du suffixe -pathie aussi d'origine grecque utilisé pour désigner les maladies.