Moralevignette|« Comment l'état de pauvreté peut être agréable » (Diogène dans son tonneau et Cratès renonçant à la richesse pour la vertu). Extrait du Livre des bonnes mœurs de Jacques Legrand, Jacobus Magnus, v. 1490. La morale (du latin moralis « relatif aux mœurs ») est une notion qui désigne l'ensemble des règles ou préceptes, obligations ou interdictions relatifs à la conformation de l'action humaine aux mœurs et aux usages d'une société donnée.
Ethics in religionEthics involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. A central aspect of ethics is "the good life", the life worth living or life that is simply satisfying, which is held by many philosophers to be more important than traditional moral conduct. Most religions have an ethical component, often derived from purported supernatural revelation or guidance. Some assert that religion is necessary to live ethically.
Evolution of moralityThe concept of the evolution of morality refers to the emergence of human moral behavior over the course of human evolution. Morality can be defined as a system of ideas about right and wrong conduct. In everyday life, morality is typically associated with human behavior rather than animal behavior. The emerging fields of evolutionary biology, and in particular evolutionary psychology, have argued that, despite the complexity of human social behaviors, the precursors of human morality can be traced to the behaviors of many other social animals.
CompetitionCompetition is a rivalry where two or more parties strive for a common goal which cannot be shared: where one's gain is the other's loss (an example of which is a zero-sum game). Competition can arise between entities such as organisms, individuals, economic and social groups, etc. The rivalry can be over attainment of any exclusive goal, including recognition. Competition occurs in nature, between living organisms which co-exist in the same environment. Animals compete over water supplies, food, mates, and other biological resources.
Éthique de la vertuLéthique de la vertu est une expression utilisée en philosophie morale contemporaine, afin de la distinguer de deux autres courants majeurs de l'éthique normative : la morale déontologique, qui insiste sur le devoir moral propre à l'action, et le conséquentialisme, qui insiste sur les conséquences de l'action. L'éthique de la vertu insiste sur l'importance des traits caractéristiques d'une personne, et prête ainsi davantage attention à ce qu'on considère habituellement sous le nom de vertus.