T-beamA T-beam (or tee beam), used in construction, is a load-bearing structure of reinforced concrete, wood or metal, with a -shaped cross section. The top of the -shaped cross section serves as a flange or compression member in resisting compressive stresses. The web (vertical section) of the beam below the compression flange serves to resist shear stress. When used for highway bridges the beam incorporates reinforcing bars in the bottom of the beam to resist the tensile stresses which occur during bending.
Compression artifactA compression artifact (or artefact) is a noticeable distortion of media (including , audio, and video) caused by the application of lossy compression. Lossy data compression involves discarding some of the media's data so that it becomes small enough to be stored within the desired or transmitted (streamed) within the available bandwidth (known as the data rate or bit rate). If the compressor cannot store enough data in the compressed version, the result is a loss of quality, or introduction of artifacts.
Programmation par contraintesLa programmation par contraintes (PPC, ou CP pour constraint programming en anglais) est un paradigme de programmation apparu dans les années 1970 et 1980 permettant de résoudre des problèmes combinatoires de grande taille tels que les problèmes de planification et d'ordonnancement. En programmation par contraintes, on sépare la partie modélisation à l'aide de problèmes de satisfaction de contraintes (ou CSP pour Constraint Satisfaction Problem), de la partie résolution dont la particularité réside dans l'utilisation active des contraintes du problème pour réduire la taille de l'espace des solutions à parcourir (on parle de propagation de contraintes).
Ultimate tensile strengthUltimate tensile strength (also called UTS, tensile strength, TS, ultimate strength or in notation) is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking. In brittle materials the ultimate tensile strength is close to the yield point, whereas in ductile materials the ultimate tensile strength can be higher. The ultimate tensile strength is usually found by performing a tensile test and recording the engineering stress versus strain.
Parabolic archA parabolic arch is an arch in the shape of a parabola. In structures, their curve represents an efficient method of load, and so can be found in bridges and in architecture in a variety of forms. While a parabolic arch may resemble a catenary arch, a parabola is a quadratic function while a catenary is the hyperbolic cosine, cosh(x), a sum of two exponential functions. One parabola is f(x) = x2 + 3x − 1, and hyperbolic cosine is cosh(x) = ex + e−x/2. The curves are unrelated.
Pont en arcvignette|Pont en maçonnerie sur l'Antietam, un affluent du fleuve Potomac. vignette|Ponts en arc dans le centre-ville d'Amsterdam. vignette|Le pont Maximilien-Joseph à Munich. vignette|Le pont Gebsattel à Munich. vignette|Les Satsop River Bridges dans l'État de Washington. Un pont en arc est un pont, à savoir une construction qui permet de franchir une dépression ou un obstacle (cours d'eau, voie de communication, vallée, ravin, canyon), dont la ligne de la partie inférieure (intrados), est en forme d'arc.
Bending momentIn solid mechanics, a bending moment is the reaction induced in a structural element when an external force or moment is applied to the element, causing the element to bend. The most common or simplest structural element subjected to bending moments is the beam. The diagram shows a beam which is simply supported (free to rotate and therefore lacking bending moments) at both ends; the ends can only react to the shear loads. Other beams can have both ends fixed (known as encastre beam); therefore each end support has both bending moments and shear reaction loads.
Lossy compressionIn information technology, lossy compression or irreversible compression is the class of data compression methods that uses inexact approximations and partial data discarding to represent the content. These techniques are used to reduce data size for storing, handling, and transmitting content. The different versions of the photo of the cat on this page show how higher degrees of approximation create coarser images as more details are removed. This is opposed to lossless data compression (reversible data compression) which does not degrade the data.
Grade universitaireUn grade universitaire est un degré dans la hiérarchie des études supérieures. Il est attesté par un diplôme délivré par les universités et autres institutions d’études supérieures. Les grades sont conférés aux titulaires de diplômes de l'enseignement supérieur délivrés par les universités et les établissements habilités. Les grades peuvent être également conférés aux titulaires de certains diplômes propres à des établissements. À ces grades peuvent être associés un certain nombre de droits et de privilèges, pouvant varier suivant les disciplines et les finalités.
SubdomainIn the Domain Name System (DNS) hierarchy, a subdomain is a domain that is a part of another (main) domain. For example, if a domain offered an online store as part of their website example.com, it might use the subdomain shop.example.com . The Domain Name System (DNS) has a tree structure or hierarchy, which includes nodes on the tree being a domain name. A subdomain is a domain that is part of a larger domain. Each label may contain from 0 to 63 octets.
