Feu de mine de charbonUn « feu de mine de charbon » ou plus simplement « feu de mine » parfois autrefois aussi nommé « feu de vieux travaux » est un feu, naturel ou accidentel, brûlant un gisement de charbon souterrain. Contrairement aux échauffements de terrils et au feu de terril, le feu de mine se produit en profondeur, dans le sous-sol. Les « feux de mines » concernent généralement des gisements affleurants ou proches de la surface où au moins une faible quantité d'oxygène peut pénétrer dans le gisement.
Embedded emissionsOne way of attributing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is to measure the embedded emissions of goods that are being consumed (also referred to as "embodied emissions", "embodied carbon emissions", or "embodied carbon"). This is different from the question of to what extent the policies of one country to reduce emissions affect emissions in other countries (the "spillover effect" and "carbon leakage" of an emissions reduction policy). The UNFCCC measures emissions according to production, rather than consumption.
Bilan carboneLe bilan carbone lié à la fabrication d'un produit ou à l'activité d'une entité humaine (individu, groupe, collectivité) est un outil de comptabilisation de ses émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Il tient compte de l'énergie primaire et de l'énergie finale de ces produits et services. Le bilan carbone vise à renseigner les systèmes d'échange de type bourse du carbone, à poser les bases de solutions efficaces de réduction de la consommation énergétique, et peut optimiser la fiscalité écologique (taxe carbone.
Solar powerSolar power is the conversion of energy from sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV) or indirectly using concentrated solar power. Photovoltaic cells convert light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effect. Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and solar tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight to a hot spot, often to drive a steam turbine.
Norme européenne d'émissionsUne norme européenne d'émissions, dite norme Euro est un règlement de l'Union européenne qui fixe les limites maximales de rejets polluants pour les véhicules roulants neufs. Il en existe plusieurs selon le type de véhicule. Les normes évoluent au cours du temps et deviennent progressivement plus strictes. Leur objectif est de réduire la pollution atmosphérique due au transport routier.
Methane emissionsIncreasing methane emissions are a major contributor to the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, and are responsible for up to one-third of near-term global heating. During 2019, about 60% (360 million tons) of methane released globally was from human activities, while natural sources contributed about 40% (230 million tons). Reducing methane emissions by capturing and utilizing the gas can produce simultaneous environmental and economic benefits.
Cost of electricity by sourceDifferent methods of electricity generation can incur a variety of different costs, which can be divided into three general categories: 1) wholesale costs, or all costs paid by utilities associated with acquiring and distributing electricity to consumers, 2) retail costs paid by consumers, and 3) external costs, or externalities, imposed on society. Wholesale costs include initial capital, operations & maintenance (O&M), transmission, and costs of decommissioning.
Fossil fuel power stationA fossil fuel power station is a thermal power station which burns a fossil fuel, such as coal or natural gas, to produce electricity. Fossil fuel power stations have machinery to convert the heat energy of combustion into mechanical energy, which then operates an electrical generator. The prime mover may be a steam turbine, a gas turbine or, in small plants, a reciprocating gas engine. All plants use the energy extracted from the expansion of a hot gas, either steam or combustion gases.
United States vehicle emission standardsUnited States vehicle emission standards are set through a combination of legislative mandates enacted by Congress through Clean Air Act (CAA) amendments from 1970 onwards, and executive regulations managed nationally by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and more recently along with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). These standard cover common motor vehicle air pollution, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate emissions, and newer versions have incorporated fuel economy standards.
Énergie nucléaireSelon le contexte d'usage, le terme d’énergie nucléaire recouvre plusieurs acceptions, toutes liées à la physique et aux réactions de noyaux atomiques. Dans le langage courant, l’énergie nucléaire correspond aux usages civils et militaires de l’énergie libérée lors des réactions de fission nucléaire ou de fusion nucléaire de noyaux atomiques au sein d'un réacteur nucléaire ou lors d'une explosion atomique.
