Règle de HebbLa règle de Hebb, théorie de Hebb, postulat de Hebb ou théorie des assemblées de neurones a été établie par Donald Hebb en 1949. Elle est à la fois utilisée comme hypothèse en neurosciences et comme concept dans les réseaux neuronaux en mathématiques. En 1950, un manuscrit de Sigmund Freud datant de 1895 fut publié qui attestait que cette théorie avait déjà été formulée avant Hebb. Cette théorie est souvent résumée par la formule : () C'est une règle d'apprentissage des réseaux de neurones artificiels dans le contexte de l'étude d'assemblées de neurones.
Memory consolidationMemory consolidation is a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition. A memory trace is a change in the nervous system caused by memorizing something. Consolidation is distinguished into two specific processes. The first, synaptic consolidation, which is thought to correspond to late-phase long-term potentiation, occurs on a small scale in the synaptic connections and neural circuits within the first few hours after learning.
Cloud storageCloud storage is a model of computer data storage in which the digital data is stored in logical pools, said to be on "the cloud". The physical storage spans multiple servers (sometimes in multiple locations), and the physical environment is typically owned and managed by a hosting company. These cloud storage providers are responsible for keeping the data available and accessible, and the physical environment secured, protected, and running. People and organizations buy or lease storage capacity from the providers to store user, organization, or application data.
Object storageObject storage (also known as object-based storage) is a computer data storage that manages data as objects, as opposed to other storage architectures like which manages data as a file hierarchy, and block storage which manages data as blocks within sectors and tracks. Each object typically includes the data itself, a variable amount of metadata, and a globally unique identifier. Object storage can be implemented at multiple levels, including the device level (object-storage device), the system level, and the interface level.
Potentiel postsynaptique inhibiteurAn inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is a kind of synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potential. IPSPs were first investigated in motorneurons by David P. C. Lloyd, John Eccles and Rodolfo Llinás in the 1950s and 1960s. The opposite of an inhibitory postsynaptic potential is an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), which is a synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron more likely to generate an action potential.
Récepteur AMPALes récepteurs AMPA sont des récepteurs ionotropes activés par le glutamate. Ils sont perméables aux ions Na+ et K+. Ils sont spécifiquement activés par le -amino-3-hydroxy-5-méthylisoxazol-4-propionate (AMPA). Leurs activations ne nécessitent pas la présence d'un coagoniste. On les rencontre principalement dans la densité postsynaptique des synapses glutamatergiques, les plus abondantes du système nerveux central.
Disk storageDisk storage (also sometimes called drive storage) is a general category of storage mechanisms where data is recorded by various electronic, magnetic, optical, or mechanical changes to a surface layer of one or more rotating disks. A disk drive is a device implementing such a storage mechanism. Notable types are the hard disk drive (HDD) containing a non-removable disk, the floppy disk drive (FDD) and its removable floppy disk, and various optical disc drives (ODD) and associated optical disc media.
Κ-opioid receptorThe κ-opioid receptor or kappa opioid receptor, abbreviated KOR or KOP for its ligand ketazocine, is a G protein-coupled receptor that in humans is encoded by the OPRK1 gene. The KOR is coupled to the G protein Gi/G0 and is one of four related receptors that bind opioid-like compounds in the brain and are responsible for mediating the effects of these compounds. These effects include altering nociception, consciousness, motor control, and mood. Dysregulation of this receptor system has been implicated in alcohol and drug addiction.
Neural networkA neural network can refer to a neural circuit of biological neurons (sometimes also called a biological neural network), a network of artificial neurons or nodes in the case of an artificial neural network. Artificial neural networks are used for solving artificial intelligence (AI) problems; they model connections of biological neurons as weights between nodes. A positive weight reflects an excitatory connection, while negative values mean inhibitory connections. All inputs are modified by a weight and summed.
Système endocannabinoïdeLe système endocannabinoïde (ECS) est un système biologique composé de récepteurs qui réagissent à la présence d'endocannabinoïdes, des neurotransmetteurs rétrogrades à base de lipides endogènes, et aux protéines réceptrices cannabinoïdes qui sont exprimées dans tout le système nerveux central des vertébrés (y compris le cerveau) et le système nerveux périphérique.
