Human mitochondrial geneticsHuman mitochondrial genetics is the study of the genetics of human mitochondrial DNA (the DNA contained in human mitochondria). The human mitochondrial genome is the entirety of hereditary information contained in human mitochondria. Mitochondria are small structures in cells that generate energy for the cell to use, and are hence referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is not transmitted through nuclear DNA (nDNA). In humans, as in most multicellular organisms, mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother's ovum.
Chromosomevignette|400px|Description de la structure d'un chromosome. Un chromosome (du χρώμα, couleur et σώμα, corps, élément) est un élément microscopique constitué d'une molécule d'ADN et de protéines, les histones et les protéines non histones. Il porte les gènes, supports de l'information génétique, transmis des cellules mères aux cellules filles lors des divisions cellulaires. Dans les cellules eucaryotes, les chromosomes se trouvent dans le noyau.
Membrane progesterone receptorMembrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) are a group of cell surface receptors and membrane steroid receptors belonging to the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family which bind the endogenous progestogen and neurosteroid progesterone, as well as the neurosteroid allopregnanolone. Unlike the progesterone receptor (PR), a nuclear receptor which mediates its effects via genomic mechanisms, mPRs are cell surface receptors which rapidly alter cell signaling via modulation of intracellular signaling cascades.
Lymphome folliculaireLe lymphome folliculaire est le second lymphome le plus fréquent de l'adulte (et en augmentation régulière, surtout chez l'homme) ; avec ~ 6 pour et ~ nouveaux cas par an détectés en France. Il est incurable, et tardivement détecté car indolent et disséminé au diagnostic. On sait maintenant qu'il apparaît initialement dans la moelle osseuse via une translocation chromosomique qui apparaît dans certaines cellules sanguines (dite t(14;18) parce que du chromosome 14 au chromosome 18).
Chromosome segregationChromosome segregation is the process in eukaryotes by which two sister chromatids formed as a consequence of DNA replication, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other and migrate to opposite poles of the nucleus. This segregation process occurs during both mitosis and meiosis. Chromosome segregation also occurs in prokaryotes. However, in contrast to eukaryotic chromosome segregation, replication and segregation are not temporally separated. Instead segregation occurs progressively following replication.
Progesterone (medication)Progesterone (P4) is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone. It is a progestogen and is used in combination with estrogens mainly in hormone therapy for menopausal symptoms and low sex hormone levels in women. It is also used in women to support pregnancy and fertility and to treat gynecological disorders. Progesterone can be taken by mouth, vaginally, and by injection into muscle or fat, among other routes. A progesterone vaginal ring and progesterone intrauterine device used for birth control also exist in some areas of the world.
Kyste ovarienUn kyste ovarien est une petite poche remplie de liquide développée aux dépens d'un ovaire. Il s'agit d'une affection extrêmement fréquente, découverte la plupart du temps de manière fortuite au cours d'un examen d'imagerie (échographie par exemple). Ces kystes sont bénins dans la quasi totatité des cas, et ont des causes variées. En échographie pelvienne, le kyste est visualisé par une image ronde, vide d'échos. Il peut exister des septums, qui ne sont pas évocateurs d'un cancer.
EndocrinologieL'endocrinologie est une discipline de la médecine qui étudie les hormones. Son nom signifie : l'étude (logos) de la sécrétion (crine) interne (endo).
Corona radiataThe corona radiata is the innermost layer of the cells of the cumulus oophorus and is directly adjacent to the zona pellucida, the inner protective glycoprotein layer of the ovum. Cumulus oophorus are the cells surrounding corona radiata, and are the cells between corona radiata and follicular antrum. Its main purpose in many animals is to supply vital proteins to the cell. It is formed by follicle cells adhering to the oocyte before it leaves the ovarian follicle, and originates from the squamous granulosa cells present at the primordial stage of follicular development.
Steroidogenesis inhibitorA steroidogenesis inhibitor, also known as a steroid biosynthesis inhibitor, is a type of drug which inhibits one or more of the enzymes that are involved in the process of steroidogenesis, the biosynthesis of endogenous steroids and steroid hormones. They may inhibit the production of cholesterol and other sterols, sex steroids such as androgens, estrogens, and progestogens, corticosteroids such as glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, and neurosteroids.