Corégulateur transcriptionnelIn molecular biology and genetics, transcription coregulators are proteins that interact with transcription factors to either activate or repress the transcription of specific genes. Transcription coregulators that activate gene transcription are referred to as coactivators while those that repress are known as corepressors. The mechanism of action of transcription coregulators is to modify chromatin structure and thereby make the associated DNA more or less accessible to transcription.
Immortalised cell lineAn immortalised cell line is a population of cells from a multicellular organism which would normally not proliferate indefinitely but, due to mutation, have evaded normal cellular senescence and instead can keep undergoing division. The cells can therefore be grown for prolonged periods in vitro. The mutations required for immortality can occur naturally or be intentionally induced for experimental purposes. Immortal cell lines are a very important tool for research into the biochemistry and cell biology of multicellular organisms.
Néoplasie cervicale intra-épithélialeLa néoplasie cervicale intra-épithéliale (NCI), également connue sous le nom de dysplasie cervicale, est la croissance anormale de cellules à la surface du col de l'utérus qui pourrait potentiellement conduire au cancer du col de l'utérus. Plus spécifiquement, NCI fait référence à la transformation potentiellement précancéreuse des cellules du col de l'utérus. La néoplasie cervicale intra-épithéliale se produit le plus souvent à la jonction pavimento-cylindrique du col de l'utérus, une zone de transition entre l'épithélium pavimenteux du vagin et l'épithélium cylindrique de l'endocol.
Oropharyngeal cancerOropharyngeal cancer (OPC), also known as oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and tonsil cancer, is a disease in which abnormal cells with the potential to both grow locally and spread to other parts of the body are found in the oral cavity, in the tissue of the part of the throat (oropharynx) that includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate, and the walls of the pharynx.
Epigenetics of cocaine addictionCocaine addiction is the compulsive use of cocaine despite adverse consequences. It arises through epigenetic modification (e.g., through HDAC, sirtuin, and G9a) and transcriptional regulation (primarily through ΔFosB's AP-1 complex) of genes in the nucleus accumbens. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors) have been implicated as a potential treatment for cocaine addicts. HDACs are enzymes that can deacetylate the histones associated with genes. This can activate genes for transcription.
Cycle lytiqueLe cycle lytique est une des deux voies de la reproduction virale, l'autre étant le cycle lysogénique. Dans son déroulement, le virus a intégré la cellule hôte et détourne activement la machinerie cellulaire vers la production de virions, autrement dit la réplication virale entre dans sa phase active. À son aboutissement, cette phase peut provoquer la lyse de la cellule par accumulation intracellulaire de virions ou l'exocytose de ces derniers (cas de beaucoup de virus enveloppés et girus).
