PolicyPolicy is a deliberate system of guidelines to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent and is implemented as a procedure or protocol. Policies are generally adopted by a governance body within an organization. Policies can assist in both subjective and objective decision making. Policies used in subjective decision-making usually assist senior management with decisions that must be based on the relative merits of a number of factors, and as a result, are often hard to test objectively, e.
Market structureMarket structure, in economics, depicts how firms are differentiated and categorised based on the types of goods they sell (homogeneous/heterogeneous) and how their operations are affected by external factors and elements. Market structure makes it easier to understand the characteristics of diverse markets. The main body of the market is composed of suppliers and demanders. Both parties are equal and indispensable. The market structure determines the price formation method of the market.
MonopsoneUn monopsone est un marché sur lequel un seul demandeur se trouve face à un nombre important d'offreurs. C'est la situation symétrique à celle du monopole dans lequel un seul offreur fait face à de nombreux demandeurs. C'est le cas, par exemple dans le domaine des composants industriels : le déséquilibre est inversé et une usine spécialisée (voitures...) aura un pouvoir de monopsone face à beaucoup d'offreurs de composants industriels.
OligopoleUne situation d’oligopole se rencontre lorsqu'il y a, sur un marché, un nombre faible d'offreurs (vendeurs) disposant d'un certain pouvoir de marché et un nombre important de demandeurs (clients). On parle aussi de situation de marché oligopolistique. Il s'agit d'une situation de marché imparfait : dans le cadre de la concurrence pure et parfaite, le profit de chaque producteur ne dépend pas de l'attitude des autres offreurs, les agents économiques concernés sont des (Preneurs de prix) dû au principe de l'atomicité.
Cap and ShareCap and Share is a regulatory and economic framework for controlling the use of fossil fuels in relation to climate stabilisation. Originally developed by Feasta (the Foundation for the Economics of Sustainability), the foundation believed that climate change is a global problem and that there is a need to cap and reduce greenhouse gas emissions globally, the philosophy of Cap and Share maintains that the earth’s atmosphere is a fundamental common resource.
