Edge-localized modeAn edge-localized mode (ELM) is a plasma instability occurring in the edge region of a tokamak plasma due to periodic relaxations of the edge transport barrier in high-confinement mode. Each ELM burst is associated with expulsion of particles and energy from the confined plasma into the scrape-off layer. This phenomenon was first observed in the ASDEX tokamak in 1981. Diamagnetic effects in the model equations expand the size of the parameter space in which solutions of repeated sawteeth can be recovered compared to a resistive MHD model.
Paramètres SLes paramètres S (de l'anglais Scattering parameters), coefficients de diffraction ou de répartition sont utilisés en hyperfréquences, en électricité ou en électronique pour décrire le comportement électrique de réseaux électriques linéaires en fonction des signaux d'entrée. Ces paramètres font partie d'une famille de formalismes similaires, utilisés en électronique, en physique ou en optique : les paramètres Y, les paramètres Z, les paramètres H, les paramètres T ou les paramètres ABCD.
Burning plasmaIn plasma physics, a burning plasma is one in which most of the heating comes from fusion reactions involving thermal plasma ions. The Sun and similar stars are a burning plasma, and in 2020 the National Ignition Facility achieved burning plasma. A closely related concept is that of an ignited plasma, in which all of the heating comes from fusion reactions. Sun In the Sun and other similar stars, those fusion reactions involve hydrogen ions.
Impedance parametersImpedance parameters or Z-parameters (the elements of an impedance matrix or Z-matrix) are properties used in electrical engineering, electronic engineering, and communication systems engineering to describe the electrical behavior of linear electrical networks. They are also used to describe the small-signal (linearized) response of non-linear networks. They are members of a family of similar parameters used in electronic engineering, other examples being: S-parameters, Y-parameters, H-parameters, T-parameters or ABCD-parameters.
Toroidal and poloidal coordinatesThe terms toroidal and poloidal refer to directions relative to a torus of reference. They describe a three-dimensional coordinate system in which the poloidal direction follows a small circular ring around the surface, while the toroidal direction follows a large circular ring around the torus, encircling the central void. The earliest use of these terms cited by the Oxford English Dictionary is by Walter M.
Admittance parametersAdmittance parameters or Y-parameters (the elements of an admittance matrix or Y-matrix) are properties used in many areas of electrical engineering, such as power, electronics, and telecommunications. These parameters are used to describe the electrical behavior of linear electrical networks. They are also used to describe the small-signal (linearized) response of non-linear networks. Y parameters are also known as short circuited admittance parameters.
Loi d'OhmLa loi d'Ohm est une loi physique empirique qui lie l'intensité du courant électrique traversant un dipôle électrique à la tension à ses bornes. Cette loi permet de déterminer la valeur d'une résistance. La loi d'Ohm a été ainsi nommée en référence au physicien allemand Georg Simon Ohm qui la publie en 1827, dans son œuvre Die galvanische Kette: mathematisch bearbeitet. On note : U la tension aux bornes de la résistance ; I l’intensité du courant qui circule à travers la résistance ; R la valeur de la résistance.
Variété de drapeaux généraliséeEn mathématiques, une variété de drapeaux généralisée ou tordue est un espace homogène d'un groupe (algébrique ou de Lie) qui généralise les espaces projectifs, les grassmanniennes, les quadriques projectives et l'espace de tous les drapeaux de signature donnée d'un espace vectoriel. La plupart des espaces homogènes de points ou de figures de la géométrie classique sont des variétés de drapeaux généralisées ou des espaces symétriques ou des variétés symétriques (analogues en géométrie algébrique des espaces symétriques), ou leur sont liés.
Bêta (physique des plasmas)The beta of a plasma, symbolized by β, is the ratio of the plasma pressure (p = n kB T) to the magnetic pressure (pmag = B2/2μ0). The term is commonly used in studies of the Sun and Earth's magnetic field, and in the field of fusion power designs. In the fusion power field, plasma is often confined using strong magnets. Since the temperature of the fuel scales with pressure, reactors attempt to reach the highest pressures possible. The costs of large magnets roughly scales like β1⁄2.
Reversed field pinchA reversed-field pinch (RFP) is a device used to produce and contain near-thermonuclear plasmas. It is a toroidal pinch which uses a unique magnetic field configuration as a scheme to magnetically confine a plasma, primarily to study magnetic confinement fusion. Its magnetic geometry is somewhat different from that of the more common tokamak. As one moves out radially, the portion of the magnetic field pointing toroidally reverses its direction, giving rise to the term reversed field.
