Spectre visibleLe spectre visible est la partie du spectre électromagnétique qui est perceptible par l'humain. Le spectre se décompose en rayonnements monochromatiques par le passage de la lumière à travers un dispositif disperseur (prisme ou réseau diffractant) : c'est l'analyse spectrale. La sensibilité de l'œil selon la longueur d'onde diminue progressivement de part et d'autre d'un maximum entre selon le domaine de vision et les conditions de la mesure. On ne peut donner de limites exactes au domaine des rayonnements visibles.
Spectroscopie laser ultrarapideLa spectroscopie laser ultrarapide est une technique spectroscopique qui utilise des lasers à impulsions ultracourtes pour l'étude de la dynamique sur des échelles de temps extrêmement courtes, de l'attoseconde (10−18 s) à la nanoseconde (10−9 s). Différentes méthodes sont utilisées pour examiner la dynamique des porteurs de charge, des atomes et des molécules. De nombreuses procédures différentes ont été développées pour différentes échelles de temps et différentes plages d'énergie des photons ; quelques méthodes courantes sont énumérées ci-dessous.
Matter waveMatter waves are a central part of the theory of quantum mechanics, being half of wave–particle duality. All matter exhibits wave-like behavior. For example, a beam of electrons can be diffracted just like a beam of light or a water wave. The concept that matter behaves like a wave was proposed by French physicist Louis de Broglie (dəˈbrɔɪ) in 1924, and so matter waves are also known as de Broglie waves.
PhotosensitizerPhotosensitizers are light absorbers that alters the course of a photochemical reaction. They usually are catalysts. They can function by many mechanisms, sometimes they donate an electron to the substrate, sometimes they abstract a hydrogen atom from the substrate. At the end of this process, the photosensitizer returns to its ground state, where it remains chemically intact, poised to absorb more light. One branch of chemistry which frequently utilizes photosensitizers is polymer chemistry, using photosensitizers in reactions such as photopolymerization, photocrosslinking, and photodegradation.
Spectrum (physical sciences)In the physical sciences, the term spectrum was introduced first into optics by Isaac Newton in the 17th century, referring to the range of colors observed when white light was dispersed through a prism. Soon the term referred to a plot of light intensity or power as a function of frequency or wavelength, also known as a spectral density plot. Later it expanded to apply to other waves, such as sound waves and sea waves that could also be measured as a function of frequency (e.g., noise spectrum, sea wave spectrum).
