Cost curveIn economics, a cost curve is a graph of the costs of production as a function of total quantity produced. In a free market economy, productively efficient firms optimize their production process by minimizing cost consistent with each possible level of production, and the result is a cost curve. Profit-maximizing firms use cost curves to decide output quantities. There are various types of cost curves, all related to each other, including total and average cost curves; marginal ("for each additional unit") cost curves, which are equal to the differential of the total cost curves; and variable cost curves.
CoûtUn coût est la mesure d'une consommation exprimée en valeur monétaire. On peut dire également que c'est la mesure de l'appauvrissement d'un agent économique, associé à un événement ou une action de nature économique. Les comptables définissent plus précisément le coût comme une somme de charges (la charge mesure une consommation), c'est-à-dire un calcul. Il est alors possible de calculer toutes sortes de coûts (coût de revient, coût de production, coût marginal, etc.).
Système de gestion de base de données relationnel-objetUn système de gestion de base de données est un ensemble de logiciels qui servent à manipuler des bases de données. Dans un système de gestion de base de données relationnel-objet (SGBDRO) l'information est représentée sous forme d'objets comme dans la programmation orientée objet. Un SGBDRO rend les objets de la base de données accessibles aux langages orientés-objets comme s'il s'agissait d'objets de ces langages.
Embedded databaseAn embedded database system is a database management system (DBMS) which is tightly integrated with an application software; it is embedded in the application. It is a broad technology category that includes: database systems with differing application programming interfaces (SQL as well as proprietary, native APIs) database architectures (client-server and in-process) storage modes (on-disk, in-memory, and combined) database models (relational, object-oriented, entity–attribute–value model, network/CODASYL) target markets The term embedded database can be confusing because only a small subset of embedded database products are used in real-time embedded systems such as telecommunications switches and consumer electronics.
Memory barrierIn computing, a memory barrier, also known as a membar, memory fence or fence instruction, is a type of barrier instruction that causes a central processing unit (CPU) or compiler to enforce an ordering constraint on memory operations issued before and after the barrier instruction. This typically means that operations issued prior to the barrier are guaranteed to be performed before operations issued after the barrier. Memory barriers are necessary because most modern CPUs employ performance optimizations that can result in out-of-order execution.
In-memory databaseAn in-memory database (IMDB, or main memory database system (MMDB) or memory resident database) is a database management system that primarily relies on main memory for computer data storage. It is contrasted with database management systems that employ a disk storage mechanism. In-memory databases are faster than disk-optimized databases because disk access is slower than memory access and the internal optimization algorithms are simpler and execute fewer CPU instructions.
Non-blocking algorithmIn computer science, an algorithm is called non-blocking if failure or suspension of any thread cannot cause failure or suspension of another thread; for some operations, these algorithms provide a useful alternative to traditional blocking implementations. A non-blocking algorithm is lock-free if there is guaranteed system-wide progress, and wait-free if there is also guaranteed per-thread progress. "Non-blocking" was used as a synonym for "lock-free" in the literature until the introduction of obstruction-freedom in 2003.
Fonction exponentielle doubleUne fonction exponentielle double est une fonction exponentielle dont l’exposant est lui-même une fonction exponentielle. La forme générale est : Cette fonction croît plus vite qu’une exponentielle simple. Par exemple, pour a = b = 10 : f(−1) ≈ ; f(0) = 10 ; f(1) = 1010 ; f(2) = 10100 = googol ; f(3) = 101000 ; f(100) = 1010100 = googolplex. Les factorielles croissent plus vite que les exponentielles, mais beaucoup plus lentement que les exponentielles doubles. La fonction hyper-exponentielle et la fonction d'Ackermann croissent encore plus vite.
Algorithmethumb|Algorithme de découpe d'un polygone quelconque en triangles (triangulation). Un algorithme est une suite finie et non ambiguë d'instructions et d’opérations permettant de résoudre une classe de problèmes. Le domaine qui étudie les algorithmes est appelé l'algorithmique. On retrouve aujourd'hui des algorithmes dans de nombreuses applications telles que le fonctionnement des ordinateurs, la cryptographie, le routage d'informations, la planification et l'utilisation optimale des ressources, le , le traitement de textes, la bio-informatique L' algorithme peut être mis en forme de façon graphique dans un algorigramme ou organigramme de programmation.
Cible (marketing)A target market, also known as serviceable obtainable market (SOM), is a group of customers within a business's serviceable available market at which a business aims its marketing efforts and resources. A target market is a subset of the total market for a product or service. The target market typically consists of consumers who exhibit similar characteristics (such as age, location, income or lifestyle) and are considered most likely to buy a business's market offerings or are likely to be the most profitable segments for the business to service by OCHOM Once the target market(s) have been identified, the business will normally tailor the marketing mix (4 Ps) with the needs and expectations of the target in mind.
