Bruit numériqueDans une , on appelle bruit numérique toute fluctuation parasite ou dégradation que subit l'image de l'instant de son acquisition jusqu'à son enregistrement. Le bruit numérique est une notion générale à tout type d'image numérique, et ce quel que soit le type du capteur à l'origine de son acquisition (appareil photo numérique, scanner, caméra thermique...etc). Les sources de bruit numérique sont multiples, certaines sont physiques liées à la qualité de l’éclairage, de la scène, la température du capteur, la stabilité du capteur de l'image durant l'acquisition, d'autres apparaissent durant la numérisation de l'information.
Vibrational circular dichroismVibrational circular dichroism (VCD) is a spectroscopic technique which detects differences in attenuation of left and right circularly polarized light passing through a sample. It is the extension of circular dichroism spectroscopy into the infrared and near infrared ranges. Because VCD is sensitive to the mutual orientation of distinct groups in a molecule, it provides three-dimensional structural information.
Buddhist atomismBuddhist atomism is a school of atomistic Buddhist philosophy that flourished on the Indian subcontinent during two major periods. During the first phase, which began to develop prior to the 6th century CE, Buddhist atomism had a very qualitative, Aristotelian-style atomic theory. This form of atomism identifies four kinds of atoms, corresponding to the standard elements. Each of these elements has a specific property, such as solidity or motion, and performs a specific function in mixtures, such as providing support or causing growth.
