Metamaterial antennaMetamaterial antennas are a class of antennas which use metamaterials to increase performance of miniaturized (electrically small) antenna systems. Their purpose, as with any electromagnetic antenna, is to launch energy into free space. However, this class of antenna incorporates metamaterials, which are materials engineered with novel, often microscopic, structures to produce unusual physical properties. Antenna designs incorporating metamaterials can step-up the antenna's radiated power.
Negative-index metamaterialNegative-index metamaterial or negative-index material (NIM) is a metamaterial whose refractive index for an electromagnetic wave has a negative value over some frequency range. NIMs are constructed of periodic basic parts called unit cells, which are usually significantly smaller than the wavelength of the externally applied electromagnetic radiation. The unit cells of the first experimentally investigated NIMs were constructed from circuit board material, or in other words, wires and dielectrics.
Tunable metamaterialA tunable metamaterial is a metamaterial with a variable response to an incident electromagnetic wave. This includes remotely controlling how an incident electromagnetic wave (EM wave) interacts with a metamaterial. This translates into the capability to determine whether the EM wave is transmitted, reflected, or absorbed. In general, the lattice structure of the tunable metamaterial is adjustable in real time, making it possible to reconfigure a metamaterial device during operation.
Ligne de transmissionUne ligne de transmission est un ensemble de deux conducteurs acheminant de concert un signal électrique, d'une source (ou émetteur) vers une charge (ou récepteur). On doit considérer une paire de conducteurs comme une ligne de transmission chaque fois que sa longueur est du même ordre de grandeur, ou plus, que la longueur d'onde de la fréquence la plus élevée du signal à transmettre. La charge étant connectée à l'extrémité de la ligne, la ligne permet de retrouver, sur son entrée, à son autre extrémité, la même résistance que la charge, cela quelle que soit la longueur de la ligne.
Planar transmission linePlanar transmission lines are transmission lines with conductors, or in some cases dielectric (insulating) strips, that are flat, ribbon-shaped lines. They are used to interconnect components on printed circuits and integrated circuits working at microwave frequencies because the planar type fits in well with the manufacturing methods for these components. Transmission lines are more than simply interconnections.
Semi-automatic transmissionA semi-automatic transmission is a multiple-speed transmission where part of its operation is automated (typically the actuation of the clutch), but the driver's input is still required to launch the vehicle from a standstill and to manually change gears. Semi-automatic transmissions were almost exclusively used in motorcycles and are based on conventional manual transmissions or sequential manual transmissions, but use an automatic clutch system.
Automatic transmissionAn automatic transmission (sometimes abbreviated AT) is a multi-speed transmission used in motor vehicles that does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving conditions. The most common type of automatic transmission is the hydraulic automatic, which uses a planetary gearset, hydraulic controls, and a torque converter. Other types of automatic transmissions include continuously variable transmissions (CVT), automated manual transmissions (AMT), and dual-clutch transmissions (DCT).
Matériau compositevignette|Multicouche, un exemple de matériau composite. Un matériau composite est un assemblage ou un mélange hétérogène d'au moins deux composants, non miscibles mais ayant une forte capacité d'interpénétration et d'adhésion, dont les propriétés mécaniques se complètent. Le nouveau matériau ainsi constitué possède des propriétés avantageuses que les composants seuls ne possèdent pas. Bien que le terme composite soit moderne, de tels matériaux ont été inventés et abondamment utilisés bien avant l'Antiquité, comme les torchis pour la construction de bâtiments.
Gravité artificielleLa gravité artificielle est une accélération résultant de l'application d'une force et mise dans l'espace pour simuler la gravité. Ce terme peut également recouvrir différents concepts de science-fiction permettant de manipuler la gravité. Dans le contexte du vol spatial habité, la mise en œuvre de la gravité artificielle doit permettre de combattre les effets de l'impesanteur sur le corps humain durant une période prolongée.
Antenna feedA radio transmitter or receiver is connected to an antenna which emits or receives the radio waves. The antenna feed system or antenna feed is the cable or conductor, and other associated equipment, which connects the transmitter or receiver with the antenna and makes the two devices compatible. In a radio transmitter, the transmitter generates an alternating current of radio frequency, and the feed system feeds the current to the antenna, which converts the power in the current to radio waves.
