Sedimentary budgetSedimentary budgets are a coastal management tool used to analyze and describe the different sediment inputs (sources) and outputs (sinks) on the coasts, which is used to predict morphological change in any particular coastline over time. Within a coastal environment the rate of change of sediment is dependent on the amount of sediment brought into the system versus the amount of sediment that leaves the system. These inputs and outputs of sediment then equate to the total balance of the system and more than often reflect the amounts of erosion or accretion affecting the morphology of the coast.
Coastal morphodynamicsCoastal morphodynamics (i.e. the dynamics of beach morphology) refers to the study of the interaction and adjustment of the seafloor topography and fluid hydrodynamic processes, seafloor morphologies and sequences of change dynamics involving the motion of sediment. Hydrodynamic processes include those of waves, tides and wind-induced currents. While hydrodynamic processes respond instantaneously to morphological change, morphological change requires the redistribution of sediment.
Fluvial processesIn geography and geology, fluvial processes are associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by them. When the stream or rivers are associated with glaciers, ice sheets, or ice caps, the term glaciofluvial or fluvioglacial is used. Fluvial processes include the motion of sediment and erosion or deposition on the river bed. The movement of water across the stream bed exerts a shear stress directly onto the bed.
Coastal hazardsCoastal hazards are physical phenomena that expose a coastal area to the risk of property damage, loss of life, and environmental degradation. Rapid-onset hazards last a few minutes to several days and encompass significant cyclones accompanied by high-speed winds, waves, and surges or tsunamis created by submarine (undersea) earthquakes and landslides. Slow-onset hazards, such as erosion and gradual inundation, develop incrementally over extended periods.
Coastal development hazardsA coastal development hazard is something that affects the natural environment by human activities and products. As coasts become more developed, the vulnerability component of the equation increases as there is more value at risk to the hazard. The likelihood component of the equation also increases in terms of there being more value on the coast so a higher chance of hazardous situation occurring. Fundamentally humans create hazards with their presence.
Géographie littoraleLa géographie littorale est l'étude des paysages côtiers dans leur ensemble, et notamment celle de leur dynamique. C'est une sous-discipline de la géographie physique, à l'interface de la géographie régionale et de la géosynergetique. Les zones côtières sont un type d'espace, avec des caractéristiques particulières à la surface de la Terre, car elles résultent de l'intersection de trois facteurs géographiques importants de sorte que la dynamique de ces types de paysages en est rendue plus complexe.
Surf zoneAs ocean surface waves approach shore, they get taller and break, forming the foamy, bubbly surface called surf. The region of breaking waves defines the surf zone, or breaker zone. After breaking in the surf zone, the waves (now reduced in height) continue to move in, and they run up onto the sloping front of the beach, forming an uprush of water called swash. The water then runs back again as backwash. The nearshore zone where wave water comes onto the beach is the surf zone.
Hydrological transport modelAn hydrological transport model is a mathematical model used to simulate the flow of rivers, streams, groundwater movement or drainage front displacement, and calculate water quality parameters. These models generally came into use in the 1960s and 1970s when demand for numerical forecasting of water quality and drainage was driven by environmental legislation, and at a similar time widespread access to significant computer power became available.
Sable de reconstitutionLe sable de reconstitution décrit un processus dans lequel du sable est pulvérisé pour remplacer des sédiments (généralement du sable) perdus du fait de l'érosion. Une plage plus large peut réduire les dommages créés par des tempêtes, par dissipation de l'énergie dans la zone de la houle, et protéger les bâtiments et les terres adjacentes. Des îles artificielles peuvent également être construites quand l'environnement le permet, par exemple dans le golfe Persique.
Classement granulométriquevignette|250x250px| Sédiment constitué de grains bien triés (well sorted, à gauche) comparés à des grains mal triés (poorly sorted , à droite). Le classement granulométrique ou tri décrit la distribution de la grosseur des grains, ou granulométrie des sédiments, soit dans les dépôts non consolidés, soit dans les roches sédimentaires. Cela ne doit pas être confondu avec la taille des cristallites, qui se réfère à la taille individuelle d'un cristal dans un solide. La cristallite est la pierre angulaire d'un grain.
