Silicon–oxygen bondA silicon–oxygen bond ( bond) is a chemical bond between silicon and oxygen atoms that can be found in many inorganic and organic compounds. In a silicon–oxygen bond, electrons are shared unequally between the two atoms, with oxygen taking the larger share due to its greater electronegativity. This polarisation means Si–O bonds show characteristics of both covalent and ionic bonds. Compounds containing silicon–oxygen bonds include materials of major geological and industrial significance such as silica, silicate minerals and silicone polymers like polydimethylsiloxane.
Onde planeL'onde plane est un concept issu de la physique de la propagation des ondes. C'est une onde dont les fronts d'onde sont des plans infinis, tous perpendiculaires à une même direction de propagation désignée par le vecteur . En prenant par exemple dans la direction z, alors cette onde ne dépend pas des coordonnées x et y : Ainsi, la grandeur mesurée dépend uniquement du temps et d'une seule variable d'espace en coordonnées cartésiennes mais elle ne dépend pas du point considéré dans un plan (P) quelconque orthogonal à la direction de propagation.
Vibrations of a circular membraneA two-dimensional elastic membrane under tension can support transverse vibrations. The properties of an idealized drumhead can be modeled by the vibrations of a circular membrane of uniform thickness, attached to a rigid frame. Due to the phenomenon of resonance, at certain vibration frequencies, its resonant frequencies, the membrane can store vibrational energy, the surface moving in a characteristic pattern of standing waves. This is called a normal mode.
Residual entropyResidual entropy is the difference in entropy between a non-equilibrium state and crystal state of a substance close to absolute zero. This term is used in condensed matter physics to describe the entropy at zero kelvin of a glass or plastic crystal referred to the crystal state, whose entropy is zero according to the third law of thermodynamics. It occurs if a material can exist in many different states when cooled. The most common non-equilibrium state is vitreous state, glass.
