Production and characterization of astrocyte-derived human apolipoprotein E isoforms from immortalized astrocytes and their interactions with amyloid-beta
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The distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) binding sites in the brain of several vertebrate species was examined by in vitro autoradiography on slide-mounted sections. This study included fish, frog, snake, pigeon, rat, mouse, guinea pig, cat ...
Aquaporin-9 (AQP9) is a new member of the aquaporin family of water-selective channels mainly expressed in liver and testis, presenting the characteristic of also being permeable to various solutes, particularly lactate. Recent data have shown the presence ...
Treatment with fibrates, a widely used class of lipid-modifying agents, results in a substantial decrease in plasma triglycerides and is usually associated with a moderate decrease in LDL cholesterol and an increase in HDL cholesterol concentrations. Recen ...
Despite unquestionable evidence that glucose is the major energy substrate for the brain, data collected over several decades with different approaches suggest that lactate may represent a supplementary metabolic substrate for neurons. Starting with the pi ...
The sulfur-containing amino acid homocysteic acid (HCA) is present in and released from nervous tissue, exerting excitatory effects on neurons by predominantly activating NMDA receptors. It is interesting that HCA appears to be exclusively localized in gli ...
The transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-beta and -delta are key regulators for the expression of the acute phase genes in the liver, such as complement component C3 and antichymotrypsin. In the brain, these acute phase proteins are ...
Because of the importance of neural recognition molecules expressed by glial cells to mediate interactions with neurons, growth factors and cytokines known to be functional during morphogenesis and in diseases of the nervous system were studied for their e ...
The mechanisms that guide progenitor cell fate and differentiation in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) are poorly understood. Gain-of-function experiments suggest that Notch signaling is involved in the early stages of mammalian neurogenesis. On ...
Cytokines can be produced within the nervous system by various cell types, including astrocytes, which secrete them in response to pathological processes such as viral infections. Astrocytes are known to play an important role in the homeostasis of the ner ...
Glutamate, released at a majority of excitatory synapses in the central nervous system, depolarizes neurons by acting at specific receptors. Its action is terminated by removal from the synaptic cleft mostly via Na(+)-dependent uptake systems located on bo ...