Constante physiquevignette|Dépendances des constantes définissant les unités du SI depuis 2019. Ici, a → b signifie que a est utilisé pour définir b. En science, une constante physique est une quantité physique dont la valeur numérique est fixe. Contrairement à une constante mathématique, elle implique directement une grandeur physiquement mesurable. Les valeurs listées ci-dessous sont des valeurs dont on a remarqué qu'elles semblaient constantes et indépendantes de tous paramètres utilisés, et que la théorie suppose donc réellement constantes.
Implied volatilityIn financial mathematics, the implied volatility (IV) of an option contract is that value of the volatility of the underlying instrument which, when input in an option pricing model (such as Black–Scholes), will return a theoretical value equal to the current market price of said option. A non-option financial instrument that has embedded optionality, such as an interest rate cap, can also have an implied volatility. Implied volatility, a forward-looking and subjective measure, differs from historical volatility because the latter is calculated from known past returns of a security.
ChaperoninHSP60, also known as chaperonins (Cpn), is a family of heat shock proteins originally sorted by their 60kDa molecular mass. They prevent misfolding of proteins during stressful situations such as high heat, by assisting protein folding. HSP60 belong to a large class of molecules that assist protein folding, called molecular chaperones. Newly made proteins usually must fold from a linear chain of amino acids into a three-dimensional tertiary structure.
