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A game of international climate policy solved by a homogeneous oracle-based method for variational inequalities

Résumé

This paper presents a game-theoretic model for the international negotiations that should take place to renew or extend the Kyoto protocol beyond 2012. These negotiations should lead to a self-enforcing agreement on a burden sharing scheme to realize the necessary global emissions abatement that would preserve the world against irreversible ecological impacts. The model assumes a non-cooperative behavior of the parties except for the fact that they will be collectively committed to reach a target on cumulative emissions by the year 2050. The concept of normalized equilibrium, introduced by J.B. Rosen for concave games with coupled constraints, is used to characterize a family of dynamic equilibrium solutions in an m-player game where the agents are (groups of) countries and the payoffs are the welfare gains obtained from a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The model is solved using an homogeneous version of the oracle-based optimization engine (OBOE) permitting an implicit definition of the payoffs to the different players, obtained through simulations performed with the global CGE model GEMINI-E3.

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Concepts associés (35)
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Competitive equilibrium (also called: Walrasian equilibrium) is a concept of economic equilibrium, introduced by Kenneth Arrow and Gérard Debreu in 1951, appropriate for the analysis of commodity markets with flexible prices and many traders, and serving as the benchmark of efficiency in economic analysis. It relies crucially on the assumption of a competitive environment where each trader decides upon a quantity that is so small compared to the total quantity traded in the market that their individual transactions have no influence on the prices.
Équilibre général calculable
Les modèles d'équilibre général calculable (MEGC) sont une classe de modèles économiques qui utilisent des données économiques réelles pour estimer comment une économie pourrait réagir à des changements de politique, de technologie, de ressources, ou d'autres facteurs externes. Les modèles d'équilibre général calculable sont des modèles économiques. Ils ont pour fonction d'estimer les effets d'une politique économique sur un système économique, ou les effets d'un choc économique.
Équilibre général
L'équilibre général est un concept d'économie qui désigne la possibilité pour les marchés d'atteindre l'équilibre simultanément par le libre jeu de l'offre et de la demande. L'équilibre général se distingue de l'équilibre simple (ou partiel) en ce qu'il s'agit d'un équilibre atteint sur l'intégralité des marchés. Issu de la microéconomie, la théorie de l'équilibre général a été développée par Léon Walras dans son ouvrage de , Éléments d'économie politique pure.
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