Bascule (circuit logique)Une bascule est un circuit logique capable, dans certaines circonstances, de maintenir les valeurs de ses sorties malgré les changements de valeurs d'entrées, c'est-à-dire comportant un état « mémoire ». Il s'agit de l'élément qui permet le passage de la logique combinatoire à la logique séquentielle. On distingue deux catégories principales de bascules dans un système séquentiel : les bascules asynchrones et les bascules synchrones.
Logique probabilisteProbabilistic logic (also probability logic and probabilistic reasoning) involves the use of probability and logic to deal with uncertain situations. Probabilistic logic extends traditional logic truth tables with probabilistic expressions. A difficulty of probabilistic logics is their tendency to multiply the computational complexities of their probabilistic and logical components. Other difficulties include the possibility of counter-intuitive results, such as in case of belief fusion in Dempster–Shafer theory.
Fonction NON-ETLa fonction ET-NON (NAND en anglais) est un opérateur logique de l'algèbre de Boole. À deux opérandes, qui peuvent avoir chacun la valeur VRAI ou FAUX, il associe un résultat qui a lui-même la valeur VRAI seulement si au moins l'un des deux opérandes a la valeur FAUX. Les notations usuelles sont ou ou Ce qui peut se lire : « NON( A ET B ) est équivalent à : NON( A ) OU NON( B ) » Une lampe s'allume sauf si l'on appuie sur « a » et « b » et seulement dans ce cas-là.
BiCMOSBiCMOS (contraction de Bipolar-CMOS) est le nom d'une technique de circuit intégré alliant les avantages du CMOS et du bipolaire en un seul circuit intégré. Plus récemment, les processus bipolaires ont été étendus pour inclure des dispositifs à haute mobilité utilisant des jonctions silicium-germanium. Les transistors bipolaires offrent une grande vitesse, un gain élevé et une faible impédance de sortie avec une consommation d'énergie relativement élevée par composant.
7400-series integrated circuitsThe 7400 series is a popular logic family of transistor–transistor logic (TTL) integrated circuits (ICs). In 1964, Texas Instruments introduced the SN5400 series of logic chips, in a ceramic semiconductor package. A low-cost plastic package SN7400 series was introduced in 1966 which quickly gained over 50% of the logic chip market, and eventually becoming de facto standardized electronic components. Over the decades, many generations of pin-compatible descendant families evolved to include support for low power CMOS technology, lower supply voltages, and surface mount packages.
Logic familyIn computer engineering, a logic family is one of two related concepts: A logic family of monolithic digital integrated circuit devices is a group of electronic logic gates constructed using one of several different designs, usually with compatible logic levels and power supply characteristics within a family. Many logic families were produced as individual components, each containing one or a few related basic logical functions, which could be used as "building-blocks" to create systems or as so-called "glue" to interconnect more complex integrated circuits.
Diode logicDiode logic (or diode-resistor logic) constructs AND and OR logic gates with diodes and resistors. An active device (vacuum tubes in early computers, then transistors in diode–transistor logic) is additionally required to provide logical inversion (NOT) for functional completeness and amplification for voltage level restoration, which diode logic alone can't provide. Since voltage levels weaken with each diode logic stage, multiple stages can't easily be cascaded, limiting diode logic's usefulness.
Combinational logicIn automata theory, combinational logic (also referred to as time-independent logic or combinatorial logic ) is a type of digital logic which is implemented by Boolean circuits, where the output is a pure function of the present input only. This is in contrast to sequential logic, in which the output depends not only on the present input but also on the history of the input. In other words, sequential logic has memory while combinational logic does not.
High-level synthesisHigh-level synthesis (HLS), sometimes referred to as C synthesis, electronic system-level (ESL) synthesis, algorithmic synthesis, or behavioral synthesis, is an automated design process that takes an abstract behavioral specification of a digital system and finds a register-transfer level structure that realizes the given behavior. Synthesis begins with a high-level specification of the problem, where behavior is generally decoupled from low-level circuit mechanics such as clock-level timing.
Circuit asynchronethumb|upright=1.2|Principe du pipeline synchrone, en haut, où les données avancent au rythme de l'horloge, et du pipeline asynchrone, en bas, où les étages communiquent localement. Un circuit asynchrone est un circuit électronique numérique qui n'utilise pas de signal d'horloge global pour synchroniser ses différents éléments. À la place, ces derniers communiquent souvent localement en indiquant l'envoi et la réception de données. On parle parfois de « circuit auto-séquencé ».