Beta function (physics)In theoretical physics, specifically quantum field theory, a beta function, β(g), encodes the dependence of a coupling parameter, g, on the energy scale, μ, of a given physical process described by quantum field theory. It is defined as and, because of the underlying renormalization group, it has no explicit dependence on μ, so it only depends on μ implicitly through g. This dependence on the energy scale thus specified is known as the running of the coupling parameter, a fundamental feature of scale-dependence in quantum field theory, and its explicit computation is achievable through a variety of mathematical techniques.
Experimental cancer treatmentExperimental cancer treatments are mainstream medical therapies intended to treat cancer by improving on, supplementing or replacing conventional methods (surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy). However, researchers are still trying to determine whether these treatments are safe and effective treatments. Experimental cancer treatments are normally available only to people who participate in formal research programs, which are called clinical trials.
Étoile exotiquevignette|Image du télescope spatial Chandra Une étoile exotique est un objet compact qui est composé d'autres particules que les fermions que l'on trouve dans les atomes (électrons, protons ou neutrons). L'effondrement gravitationnel de la matière dégénérée est compensé par des propriétés quantiques. Il s'agit notamment d'étoiles à quarks ou composées de matière étrange ou de préons. Les étoiles exotiques sont en grande partie théoriques, mais des observations réalisées par le télescope spatial Chandra, le ont relevé deux candidates pouvant se révéler être des étoiles à quarks, RX J1856.
