Electrotonic potentialIn physiology, electrotonus refers to the passive spread of charge inside a neuron and between cardiac muscle cells or smooth muscle cells. Passive means that voltage-dependent changes in membrane conductance do not contribute. Neurons and other excitable cells produce two types of electrical potential: Electrotonic potential (or graded potential), a non-propagated local potential, resulting from a local change in ionic conductance (e.g. synaptic or sensory that engenders a local current).
Multimodal transportMultimodal transport (also known as combined transport) is the transportation of goods under a single contract, but performed with at least two different modes of transport; the carrier is liable (in a legal sense) for the entire carriage, even though it is performed by several different modes of transport (by rail, sea and road, for example). The carrier does not have to possess all the means of transport, and in practice usually does not; the carriage is often performed by sub-carriers (referred to in legal language as "actual carriers").
Traffic Message ChannelTraffic Message Channel, ou TMC, est une norme européenne qui permet de diffuser des informations de circulation aux automobilistes, généralement via le système de transmission numérique RDS utilisant la bande radio FM. Cependant, il peut aussi transiter par d'autres moyens de transmission, par exemple le DAB. Le développement du TMC a commencé dans le cadre du programme DRIVE 1 (1989-1991) de l'Union européenne. À partir de 1995, les projets FORCE/ECORTIS et EPISODE, eux aussi subventionnés par l'Union européenne, ont visé à assurer la coordination des acteurs pour le déploiement effectif du RDS-TMC.
Threshold potentialIn electrophysiology, the threshold potential is the critical level to which a membrane potential must be depolarized to initiate an action potential. In neuroscience, threshold potentials are necessary to regulate and propagate signaling in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Most often, the threshold potential is a membrane potential value between –50 and –55 mV, but can vary based upon several factors.