Basal ganglia diseaseBasal ganglia disease is a group of physical problems that occur when the group of nuclei in the brain known as the basal ganglia fail to properly suppress unwanted movements or to properly prime upper motor neuron circuits to initiate motor function. Research indicates that increased output of the basal ganglia inhibits thalamocortical projection neurons. Proper activation or deactivation of these neurons is an integral component for proper movement.
Hypothèse du monde à ARNLhypothèse du monde à ARN (RNA world) est une hypothèse selon laquelle l'acide ribonucléique serait le précurseur de toutes les macromolécules biologiques et particulièrement de l'ADN et des protéines. Cette hypothèse permet une explication de l'apparition des différentes fonctions biologiques dans le cadre de l'étude des origines de la vie. L'hypothèse du monde à acide ribonucléique (ARN) est que l'ARN était la principale — et sans doute la seule — forme de vie avant l'émergence de la première cellule à ADN.
Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferaseSqualene synthase (SQS) or farnesyl-diphosphate:farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyl transferase is an enzyme localized to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. SQS participates in the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, catalyzing a two-step reaction in which two identical molecules of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) are converted into squalene, with the consumption of NADPH. Catalysis by SQS is the first committed step in sterol synthesis, since the squalene produced is converted exclusively into various sterols, such as cholesterol, via a complex, multi-step pathway.
Renal replacement therapyRenal replacement therapy (RRT) is therapy that replaces the normal blood-filtering function of the kidneys. It is used when the kidneys are not working well, which is called kidney failure and includes acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Renal replacement therapy includes dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis), hemofiltration, and hemodiafiltration, which are various ways of filtration of blood with or without machines.
Steroidogenesis inhibitorA steroidogenesis inhibitor, also known as a steroid biosynthesis inhibitor, is a type of drug which inhibits one or more of the enzymes that are involved in the process of steroidogenesis, the biosynthesis of endogenous steroids and steroid hormones. They may inhibit the production of cholesterol and other sterols, sex steroids such as androgens, estrogens, and progestogens, corticosteroids such as glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, and neurosteroids.
Hémofiltrationthumb|Machine d'hémofiltration. L’hémofiltration est une méthode d'épuration extra-rénale par transport convectif. L'hémofiltration poursuit un objectif similaire à celui de l'hémodialyse, mais son principe physique est différent. Dans l'hémofiltration, le sang est ultrafiltré et le produit recueilli (l'ultrafiltrat) est jeté avec les déchets qu'il contient. Un liquide de réinjection compense la partie du plasma retiré. Cette technique, introduite par P. Kramer en 1977 comme méthode d'épuration à part entière, est très employée en réanimation.
